Social Theories Of Development And Learning Essay

Social Theories Of Development And Learning - Essay Example Despite the great number of strategies and techniques which have been developed to assist a teacher, a today’s educator often feels frustrated because of the inability to control his/her learners and/or teach them the required material. Knowledge of classroom and behavior management is essential for having a well-structured and effective study session. The relationship based on mutual respect and understanding between a teacher and a child is the essential part of good instructional program realization. A teacher can take up various roles, but the major one would be that of an instructional leader and classroom manager. It has to be stressed that effective classroom managers are not born, but made.According to the numerous studies, dual language or dual immersion program has a number of advantages, especially if to speak about the one which is being employed from early years. Many educators who teach children within dual language program start from kindergarten. According to S oderman, the research in this area has proven a number of cognitive advantages for early exposition to second languages. Unlike unilingual children in the educational environment, bilingual children "are driven to higher levels of cognitive flexibility". Learning a second language in dual language program is different from that of regular learning a foreign language which can be found in the regular school. This program can give much more than mere acquisition of vocabulary, a set of grammar rules or practical syntax.

The City of London Essay Example for Free

The City of London Essay London is the capital city of United kingdom and it is considered as the chief city of British Commonwealth. It is considered one of the greatest and oldest centers of finance, industry and culture in the world. The city is also one of the largest in the world (How stuff works, par 1). It is preparing to host 2016 World Cup and for that matter, it is crucial to know what is behind the magnificent city of London. This essay seeks to explore on aspects that characterize the city right from its geography, history, culture and political jurisdiction. London is located at latitude 51.30’ north and longitude 0. 70 west. It is situated in Lambeth; south East of England in United Kingdom (Maplandia, par 1). The city is 2. 6 square kilometers (Easy expert, par 2). It also lies on the Thames river about 40 miles from the North Sea (How stuff works, par 2). Roughly, the river divides the city into two equal parts and it is on two hills on the bank north of Thames (How stuff works, par 2-3) . The river’s embankments are in central London. Along the great bend of the river, is the Victoria embankment. Other embankments include the Albert and Chelsea which are further upstream. This river is characterized by great bridges for example, Tower, London, Westminster and waterloo bridges (How stuff works 1, par 7). Geographical Features London has so many natural areas throughout the city. For example Meadows such as Kellaly; forests such as Meadow lily woods and Medway valley heritage forest; Wetlands like Westminster ponds among others. Moreover, it also harbors 22 kilometers paved paths for bikes along the Thames River (Tourism London All, par 1). Political jurisdiction The corporation of London is the one that administers the city headed by the Lord Mayor. The Greater London has 33 boroughs with the inner one having 14 and the outer London having 19 boroughs. The greater London has an elected mayor with an assembly and it is also the administrative entity in England (Britannica Encyclopedia, par 2). The city is governed following feudal system of government. The body that is involved with decision making is the court of common council which has 100 members who are elected directly from 25 wards in the city. This council meets every four weeks but committees meet more regularly. They have committees concerned with finance, education, policy and resources, planning and transportation. Some committees have members who have no voting rights in the corporation and are members because of their specialist expertise. The overall leader is the historic Lord mayor but the policy and resources committee’s chairman represents the body to the media (Stevens, par 6-7). The representatives of the boroughs form the assembly of the great London which boasts of its own constitution (Easy expert, par. 2). For one to be eligible for elections, he or she must be a free man in the city. Elections are not based on political parties. There is also the court of Aldermen where each ward elects one Alderman adding up to 25 Aldermen. The office of the Aldermen has diminished significance and today, they just discharge judicial function as magistrates and are also allowed to sit in the court of common council’s committees with no allowances (Stevens, par 10). Origins of This Great City The origin of London can be dated back to 43 AD. Before Romans invaded the land, no permanent settlement existed but only River Thames flowing surrounded by small islands of gravel and sand. When comparing the population of mosquitoes and people, the former were many (Britain express, par 1). London has been inhabited for more than 5000 years but it was only characterized by marshes and forests instead of a city. The city itself was started by Romans about 2000 yeas ago but originally, they called it Londinium. During the invasion, they landed in Kent and passed through River Thames sailing upwards. They knew the strategic importance of the river in controlling the crossing point at the river. So, they built on the north bank, a settlement. They carefully chose two spots in two hills, which were small and where the river was narrowing, and built a bridge. This is the London Bridge that is known today. They brought up buildings, a port and streets and they named the settlement Londinium which became the capital city of the Roman Britain (Barrow, par 2-3). The original London could only last for several years, little more than 10, and the ships could reach there making the city to become a trading center (museum of London, par 4-5). The bridge was very significant as it was the center for the road networks that sprung up from the crossing place, and thus it allowed the movement of the troops to be fast (Britain Express, par 4). The city later grew into a great trading center and by the second century AD, in the middle, the city had the largest town hall, a temple, and a governor’s palace among others. The Romans built a wall around 200 AD, surrounding the city and this defined the shape and size of London over a millennium. The area which was surrounded by the wall, is the one that is called ‘The city† (Britain Express, par 7-9). Urban And Street Patterns Prior to World War 2, London was characterized by very few buildings which were more that 6 stories high but today, the buildings with 20 stories and above can be found, for example, the towers of Barbican are 40 stories and above. The tower of Canary Wharf rising 80 stories and an office building, east of central London in the dockyards is the longest structure in Britain rising 800 feet high. The square of Trafalgar is in the west of the city, near the Thames River. Two large fountains can be found in the square and Admiral Lord Nelson’s statue; this square has been used mostly for celebrations in the city (How stuff works 1, par 7-9). The London streets follow bends and twists of the river and the Roman walls which have long disappeared. The current through ways came originally from the village lanes that existed there before. Strangers get confused most of the time because, these streets may have their names put in different places. One name may be found on one side of a street inter-section or a square and the other one will be found on other side. Contrary to streets in America, London roads have no numbering system which is logical and this makes it difficult to navigate through the streets. To learn the routes will take sometime (Geographers A-Z Map Company, par 1). When it comes to transportation system, it mainly consists of bus lines, surface and underground railways. The main railway stations include: Charing Cross, Waterloo, Paddington and Victoria lines. Two fifths of the city’s railway system covering 250 miles, is made up of London subways. The underground system is made of brick tunnels below the surface. The First line was made in the year 1863 but later, so many of them developed, built in deep tunnels lined with metals which are often called tubes. London boasts of three international airports and these include: Heathrow and Gatwick which is adjacent to the main railway line from London to Brighton. The third one is Stansted which is in the north east of the city (How stuff works, par 1-3). The London’s tower is a complex of buildings sitting on an 18-acre land. The walls and the grounds are on the Thames River, east side of the city. Mostly, the crown jewels are usually on display here. Yeomen warders in uniforms dating back to 16th century are usually used to guide visitors around the complex. Next to it is the mansion house which has been in existence since the 16th century and this is the place where the Lord Mayor of the city resides. North of this house stands Guildhall which was put up in the 15th century (How stuff works 5). South west London, rises a cathedral called St. Paul’s which was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. This church is among the largest in the world. The duke of Wellington and Lord Nelson are buried there. On the west side of the cathedral, there is a street called Fleet Street which was once, the center of newspaper publishing in Britain (How stuff works 4, par 2-5). Just next to it is the knights’ templar medieval headquarters which also harbors the courts’ inns, law schools and legal associations. The Fleet Street merges forming a strand which leads to the west and Westminster. Buckingham palace is situated in this place and it hosts the London sovereigns. Westminster Abbey is also found there and this is where the monarchs are crowned. 8 acres of land around this place is covered with the parliament building and one thing that distinguishes it from other buildings it is its famous clock tower, the clock having a bell called â€Å"the Big Ben†. The Lambeth place is just across Thames from the parliament and this is where the Arch bishop of Canterbury resides (How stuff works 4, par 2-5). White Wall is found between the parliament and the square of Trafalgar . White Wall is a street which is bordered by government buildings. Another one is called Number 10 Downing Street found in the west of the White Wall and it is the prime minister’s home. The district of West end theatre is also found there between Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar square and it is London’s world renowned theatre district which harbors more than a 100 theatres. Soho is also found in the North and it is known for its famous foreign restaurants and entertainment sites. Mayfair is found in the west characterized by residential areas, hotels, department stores and embassies, which include the US embassy that is found on the Grosvenor square (How stuff works, 5). West end hosts London largest parks. Regents Park can be sighted there and it is on 472 acres of land. It has a lake, open air theatre, a rose garden and the London zoo. Another park, Hyde Park is also found there. It sits on a piece of land of 360 acres which includes a lake called Serpentine. Marble Arch and bridle path which is called Rotten Row . The speakers’ corner is also found there. Kensington gardens with 275 acres of land adjoin Hyde Park on the west and this is where Kensington palace can be sighted which also hosts the Albert memorial and Peter pan’s statue. Short distance towards west of central London, botanic gardens of the royalty can also be found especially in Kew (How stuff works 5). Major Buildings And Landmarks In London The first major building in city is the tower of London, a prominent building for over 900 years and attracting tourists from all over the globe. The tower serves the royalties as a palace and a fortress. Ironically, it is also a place where executions take place and jailing of law defaulters. Royal mint, arsenal, menagerie and jewel house are also found here (Barrow, par 1). One of the oldest buildings and the most important centers for religion is the Westminster Abbey. This palace has been used to burry so many queens and kings and there commemoration ceremonies are usually done there. It was founded by Edward the confessor who was later made a saint. Parliament houses are also found in the palace of Westminster. Buckingham palace has 600 rooms and it is surrounded by a 40-acre garden with 40,000 tulips (Barrow, par 6-10). The Canary Wharf is the tallest building and it is part of the dock lands in London. The Canary is estimated to be 244 meters high and stainless steel has been used o cover it. Another major building is St Paul Cathedral which was built 604 AD but it was later re-built twice after being burnt down twice. The current one was built in 1675 and 1711 . The other monument is the O2 millennium dome which is the largest one in the world covering 180 acres with 320m diameter and the height of 50 m. It also has support towers of about 100 m high. It was built to commemorate the new millennium and it sits on the Greenwich meridian, longitude 0 degrees. Another one is the London eye. It is one of the London’s modern landmarks, made up of the biggest ferries wheel in the world and it can carry passengers of about 800 in number at a time. Its highest point is about 450 feet and it provides a view that goes covers 25 miles (Barrow, par 10-18). In addition, 30 St Mary Axe was opened in 2004 and it was known as Gherkin because of its oval shape. It is very visible especially when traveling from different places into London. The outside of the building is made of 24,000 m square glass whish has been arranged in panes that are diamond shaped. Other monuments include the monument of Trafalgar square which was put up in commemoration of the great fire of London which happened in 1666; the tower is 62 meters high. It is just next to Pudding lane where the fire began in the bakers shop. It is also characterized by 311 stairs to the top and one can use it to view London (Barrow, par 18-24). Other buildings include: One Canada square, Tower 42, Millban tower, St. Paul’s cathedral, Tate modern, St. Pancras chambers, Royal courts of justice, St. Brides church, BT tower, Wembley stadium, Centre point, the Lloyd’s building, Westminster cathedral, the Ark and Christ Church Spitalfields (Emporis Corporation, par 1). London Industries London’s industries form the crucial part of the economy. The industries come in form of manufacturing, aircraft, ship building, and food processing including the chemical industries, offering employment to so many people. These industries comprise of both small and large scale industries and mostly, different business communities are involved in boosting the growth of these industries though the manufacturing one is the largest sector of London’s economy (Maps of world, par. 1-2). Of all the laborers in London, 16% are found in the manufacturing industry. The leading industries in London include: chemical, electronics, cable manufacture, food processing, vehicle manufacture, and ship and aircraft building. The names associated with aircraft industry include Sopwith Aviation Company, Fairey aviation, Handley Page, Green Engine Co. and Lucas Rotax among others (Maps of World, par 3-4). Vehicle industry is one of the most recognized industries in London and it is associated with companies such as Ford of Britain, Dagenham, Park ward, Power Drives among others. Those companies that deal with cable manufacturing include: British Insulated Callender’s cables, Siemens, North and Woolwich among others. Food processing is associated with companies such as Pura Foods, Park Royal, The Smith’s Snack Food company and the list is endless (Maps of World, par. 4-7). When it comes to ship building, the companies include; Woolwich Dock Yard, Samuda Brothers, Scott Russell and so on. Companies associated with chemical manufacturing are; Hackney Wick, Liford photo, Sir William Henry Parking etc. Lastly, is the electronics industry which is associated with companies such as Ferguson Electronics Racal, Plessey, Bush Radio and so on (Maps of World, par. 7-10). These companies vary in the number of the workers employed by each. This is given below in percentages: Manufacturing 16. 2%, trade 14. 7%, educational services 9. 7%, health care and social assistance 13. 5%. Accommodation and food services 5. 8%, finance and insurance, real estate and leasing 7. 3%, agriculture 1. 8%, transport and ware housing 3. 8%. Public administration 3. 0%, construction 4. 7%, business building 4. 8%, information, culture and recreation 4. 2 % and lastly, professional, scientific and technical services 5. 7%. Other industries which are not included amount to 4. 0%. All these companies are under the administration of London chamber of commerce and industries (Maps of World, par. 12). Tourism sector The Londoners benefit mostly from tourism especially in regards to economy and social aspects. It boosts employment rates generating huge income. The businesses have also benefited so much. 10% gross value in London is from the sector and it also employs 13 % of all the workers in London. The city has a record of getting tourists from other parts of the world more than New York, Las Vegas and Sydney. It also attracts these tourists more than any European state (Government Office for London, par 3, 4). Tourism sector generates 2 billion pounds yearly in West London; 14. 7 million tourists who make daily trips to the same region and 5. 4 million tourists visit attraction sites in East London yearly (London’s Councils, par 1). Cultural geographical aspects of London London is a diverse cultural centre and an international one for that matter. It harbors so many museums, theatres and art galleries, cinemas which offer entertainment of first class level to 300 nationalities and above. The architecture of this city offers the diversity and the historical buildings. Six of London cultural landmarks include: the tower of London, St . Margaret church, Palace of Westminster and the Westminster Abbey and last but not list, the Maritime Greenwich (Europe Cities, par 1-2). When it comes to language, London is considered a multi lingual city. It has 300 different languages within its boundaries which are often spoken. The city has proven that, compared to Europe and New York, it is the most cosmopolitan city with its internationalism (Buncombe and Mac Arthur, par 2). The most common languages spoken are:English,Bengali,Panjabi,Gujerati,Hindu,Turkish,Arabic,Yorubu,Somali,Cantonese,Greek,Portuguese, French, Spanish, Italian, Vietnamese and the list is endless (Woodlands Junior Academy, par 1). London is characterized by so many events and celebrations each year. Carnaval del pueblo is a Latin American festival which is usually the largest in UK. It is usually held in August. The other one is City of London festival usually held in June and July and it involves celebration of Music, film, architecture and art. Another one is the London Art fair which is usually held every year in the month of January (First for London, par. 1-3). London boat show is also a major event every January. Others include London Marathon, parade, Lords mayor’s show ,Notting hill Carnival , Rise festival, South West Fest, Spitafields Festival, St. Patrick’s Day, Streatham festival, The Great River Race, and the Mayor’s Thames festival (First for London, par. 4-16). In London, the largest religious group is Christianity according to the census that took place in the year 2001. This group consists of 58. 2% of all the religions in London. The city is characterized by three Anglican churches which are: St. Paul’s and Southward cathedrals and also Westminster Abbey which usually hosts the crowning of the king and queen of England (Barrow, par 1). The population of the Jews is concentrated in the city of about 56 % of all the Jews in Great Britain. 52% of all Hindus in Great Britain are found in London and they have built magnificent places of worship which include temples. 38% of all Great Britain’s Muslims also live in London from Bangladesh and Pakistan. 31 % of Sikhs and 36 % Buddhists that are found in country reside in London (Barrow, par 4-7). In conclusion, the factor that makes the city unique is its marvelous architecture which has a historical background. Not so many cites in the world are rich in history and culture as compared to London. Almost all the monuments and buildings have some history behind them and this makes them to be world treasures. More to that, these landmarks have a quality touch on them in that, they are unique in their own way. Right from the foundation of the city to its current state, the history is actually represented in the design and pattern of the city. Work Cited Amazon. Com . A-Z London, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. amazon. com/Z-London-Londons-Selling-Street/dp/0850397529. Barrow, Mandy. Buildings and Landmarks in London. Woodlands, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. woodlands-junior. kent. sch. uk/customs/questions/london/buildings. htm. Barrow, Mandy. The History of London. Woodlands, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. woodlands-junior. kent. sch. uk/customs/questions/london/history. htm. Barrow, Mandy. Religious Groups in London. Woodlands, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. woodlands-junior. kent. sch. uk/customs/questions/london/religion. htm. Britain express. Roman London. Britain Express. Web. May 16, 2010, http://www. britainexpress. com/London/roman-london. htm. Britannica Encyclopedia. Learn More about London. 2010. Web. May 16, 2010, http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/346821/London. Buncombe, A. and MacArthur, Tessa. London: Multilingual Capital of the World. 29 March, 1999. Web. 16 May, 2010. http://www. phon. ucl. ac. uk/home/estuary/multiling. htm. Easy expert. Geography. Easy Expert, 10 April, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. easyexpat. com/en/london/overview/geography. htm. Emporis Corporation. Famous Buildings of London. 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. emporis. com/en/wm/ci/bu/mf/? id=100637. Europe Cities. Culture of London, 2009. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. europe-cities. com/en/600/uk_england/london/culture/. First 4 London. Events. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. first4london. com/directory/Events/. Government Office for London. Tourism. UK Government, 2009. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://www. gos. gov. uk/gol/Culture_leisure/Tourism/ tourism. How stuff works. General Plan and Description, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://geography. howstuffworks. com/europe/geography-of-london1. htm. How Stuff Works. Geography of London: Education and culture, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://geography. howstuffworks. com/europe/geography-of-london5. htm. How stuff Works. Introduction to Geography, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://geography. howstuffworks. com/europe/geography-of-london. htm. How stuff works. Landmarks and Place of Interest, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010, http://geography. howstuffworks. com/europe/geography-of-london4. htm. How stuff works. Transportation, 2010. Web. 16 May, 2010,

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger :: God Religion Theology Essays

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger ABSTRACT: The history of Heideggerian commentaries confront us with a string of parallel concepts: metaphysics and theology, onto-theology and Christian theology, thought and faith, Being and God, and so on. It should also be noted that these different dual concepts have served, in various ways, several strategies for the interpretation of Heidegger. These various strategies are summarized as follows: the relation between philosophy and theology in the thought of Heidegger is threefold and should be read to the rhythm of his thinking according to the themes of facticity and transcendence. History of heideggerian commentaries confronts us with a series of parallel notions : "Metaphysics and Theology", "Onto-Theology and Christian Theology", "Theology and Faith" and finally "Being and God". I should also point out that these different dual concepts organise several strategies to interpret Heidegger. These strategies can be gathered under four grand points. First of all, a diagnosis in terms of "secularised Theology" coupled with an exitentialisation of the fundamental concepts presiding over the duality of the Dasein. According to this diagnosis, Heidegger's work is seen, in the best case, as a veiled revival of christian Theology. In this perspective it is appropriate to recapture the existential analysis and to open it up towards the theological language, since he has never really been far from it. A second way of reading the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's work consist in organising a "theological deconstruction" within christian Theology. A third strategy prefers to read the link between Philosophy and Theology in terms of territorial delimitation, a sort of epistemological "Yalta" between two speculative exercises. Finally, I should mention a fourth type of strategy which finds its origin in the "ontological difference" and wants to renew the terms of proximity to the divine. The recent publication of some of Heidegger's unpublished works pleads for a renewed reading and gives credit to the hypothesis which I summarise as follows : the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's thought is threefold and coextensive with Heidegger's thinking itself, according to the two themes of "facticity" and "transcendence". (1) I. THREE TOPICS The different meanings of the concept of Philosophy and Theology point to three topics concerning the relation of Philosophy and Theology as such. These topics should be formulated as follows : first of all as the relation between "Philosophy and Scriptural Theology". Ontology, as a science, while distanciating itself from whatever "Weltanschauung", happens in rigorous fidelity to the philosophical adventure.

The Character of Dounia in Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment :: Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment

The Character of Dounia Crime and Punishment  Ã‚     Dounia's commitment to her brother is unfaltering. Even when she is presented with the ultimatum of Luzhin, she continues to endure in her dedication and loyalty to her irritable and rascally brother. She realizes that making sure Raskolnikov is there will probably secure her fate in that she will not marry Luzhin. She refuses to do so though if he does not accept his brother. Dounia's commitment and loyalty can be seen in her calm nature about the letter, her loyal response to it, and her actions when she goes to visit her brother--she regards his gestures and words with guarded skepticism, but realizes that he is at least "unfeigned" when grasping her hand. When Pulcheria shows Dounia the letter she doesn't let her emotions go awry, but she reads the letter like a military sergeant on the battle field, simply carrying out the next order in an entire chain. She decides that she must talk to Raskolnikov before answering Luzhin or making her decision. She stands calm and collected in face of the massive divide and rift that has now been created in her life--she has been presented with a dilemma, she is going to be forced to choose between the one she loves and the one she feels "esteems her". In the small garret of Raskolnikov, Pulcheria and Advotya go to see and confer with the now "well" Rodya. Dounia's main purpose is to give Raskolnikov the option of whether he would like to come to their house when Luzhin is there. When her brother responds that it is essentially the women's choice, Dounia is firm in her commitment that he must be there. She wishes to convince him that she is not doing it purely for his sake--but rather for her own. Raskolnikov's chastising of her is ironic because she is only doing less blatant forms of actions he has already committed. Dounia, even after admitting that her marriage to Luzhin will help her very much, still loyally insists that Raskolnikov must be present for th e meeting. She is willing to risk what she has professed is simply for her own sake. Her physical actions when she goes to visit her brother are an amalgam of compassion and skepticism. She is intelligent enough to realize that the things Raskolnikov is saying seem feigned, as if he had a script written for him.

My Ideal Class Essay

Lots of people will say this when ask them what can help you learn better or what is your ideal class â€Å"no teachers to teach us and we can use our phones whenever we want, we can just chill and sleep.† However, students never think about the consequences of that. Everyone in our class are going to have a lot problems, so we must need our great teacher to help us. My ideal study environment would be somewhere quiet and comfortable where I have all my materials I need on hand. but I do like to have some kind of relaxing background noise because I can’t stand sitting in silence. Usually the best time to study for me is on class, because I can learn a lot of things by listening to what the teacher says. I would like to have between ten to fifteen students in all my classrooms. That is because the less the students, the more time the teacher can help all students individually. This will help me be a better students, with smaller classrooms students will have the chance to communicate with every student in the class and I will also learn more. My personal learning style is online researching and it works really well for me. My personal learning style works out very well for me with my study habits because it involves a lot of typing and somehow I think typing is A LOT better than writing. If all of our homework can be hand in by using computer will be best for me.

Why Joe Biden Quit His 1988 Campaign

Why Joe Biden Quit His 1988 Campaign Long before Joe Biden was tapped to be Barack Obamas vice president, and long before he began testing the waters for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, the lawmaker from Delaware got caught up in a plagiarism scandal that derailed his first campaign for the White House in 1987. Later in his political career, Biden described his 1987 campaign as an embarrassing train wreck and put the plagiarism case behind him, but his use of others work without attribution became an issue in the 2016 presidential election. Joe Biden Acknowledges Plagiarism in Law School Biden first publicly acknowledged plagiarizing another authors work during his bid for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination. Biden used five pages from a published law review article without quotation or attribution in a paper he claimed to have written as a first-year student at the  Syracuse University College of Law, according to a faculty report on the incident issued at the time. The article Biden plagiarized, Tortious Acts as a Basis for Jurisdiction in Products Liability Cases,  was initially published in the  Fordham Law Review in May 1965. Among the sentences Biden used without appropriate attribution, according to a New York Times report, was: The trend of judicial opinion in various jurisdictions has been that the breach of an implied warranty of fitness is actionable without privity, because it is a tortious wrong upon which suit may be brought by a non-contracting party. Biden apologized to his law school when he was a student and said his actions were unintentional. On the campaign trail 22 years later, he told the press before abandoning his campaign:  I was wrong, but I was not malevolent in any way. I did not intentionally move to mislead anybody. And I didnt. To this day I didnt. Joe Biden Accused of Plagiarizing Campaign Speeches Biden was also said to have used without attribution substantial portions of speeches by  Robert Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey, as well as  British Labor Party leader Neil Kinnock, in his own stump speeches in 1987. Biden said those claims were much ado about nothing but eventually  quit his campaign for the 1988 Democratic presidential nomination on  Sept. 23, 1987, amid scrutiny of his record. Among  the  similarities with Kinnock that came under scrutiny, according to The Telegraph newspaper, was this Biden turn of phrase: Why is it that Joe Biden is the first in his family ever to go a university? Why is it that my wife ... is the first in her family to ever go to college? Is it because our fathers and mothers were not bright? ... Is it because they didnt work hard? My ancestors who worked in the coal mines of northeast Pennsylvania and would come after 12 hours and play football for four hours? Its because they didnt have a platform on which to stand. The Kinnock speech reads: Why am I the first Kinnock in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Was it because our predecessors were thick? Does anybody really think that they didnt get what we had because they didnt have the talent or the strength or the endurance or the commitment? Of course not. It was because there was no platform upon which they could stand. Plagiarism Cases an Issue in 2016 Campaign The plagiarism cases were long forgotten until Biden, who was vice president at the time, began testing the waters for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2015. Republican presidential hopeful Donald Trump  asked how hed fare against Biden in a general election in August 2015, brought up Bidens plagiarism. Trump said: I think Id matchup great. Im a job producer. Ive had a great record, I havent been involved in plagiarism. I think I would match up very well against him. Neither Biden nor his campaign commented on Trumps statement.

20 Microbiology Dissertation Topics

20 Microbiology Dissertation Topics Previously, we discussed 10 facts for dissertation on microbiology in our first guide on this topic. We’re confident that these facts must have allowed you to grasp some credible information on microbiology, on which you can start writing immediately. To make things easier, we have included two more guides for you. In this second guide you’re going to get acquainted with 20 microbiology dissertation topics relevant to microbiology. This will help you in writing your thesis as you will not have to scratch your head searching for ideas. Many students just don’t know where to start, which is why these topics can come in handy. Furthermore, we have also included a short sample dissertation essay. This sample essay would allow you to know how a dissertation is structured. We have also stated some references to help you find more information on a specific topic if you decide to choose it for your dissertation. After you’re done reading this guide, we highly recommend you to read the last guide, how to write a good dissertation on microbiology, which would definitely help you compose a stellar dissertation paper. Without further ado let’s pay attention to our topics: A Microbiological Analysis of Shea Butter Sold in Washington, US A Dissertation Paper on Tapeworms and The Dangers Associated With Them A Microbiological Characterization of Ebola Virus The Spreading of Influenza in World War II and its Effects on the War Cellular Microbiology: The Use of Restriction-Modification (R-M) The Clinical Outcomes of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections Applied Microbiology: How Microorganisms can Generate BioFuels The Aetiological Agent of Johnes Disease: Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis aka MAP – The Most Important Bacterial Pathogen in Ruminants How the Study of Microorganisms Has Prevented Life-Threatening Diseases The Important Role of Microbiology in Pharmaceutical and Food Industries The Invention of Microscope and the Impact on How we Know Microbiology A Dissertation Paper on the Fermentation of Starch and The Activities and Specificities of Enzymes in it A Study on Microorganisms Found in Onions The Correlation of Malaria and Some Species of Plasmodium (a Microorganism) A Study in Microbiology: The Diagnoses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) A Study on Bacterias that can Withstand One of the Most Powerful Antimicrobial (Antibiotics) without Hassle A Microbiological Study on the Effects of Obesity on Patients with High Blood Pressure A Microbiological Study on How Yogurts are Commercially Prepared in New York A Dissertation Paper on Wetland Bacteria, its Properties, and its Functionalities A Thorough Research and Study on Cyanophycin: a Bacterial Polymer There you have it! These topics surely have opened up your mind towards writing your dissertation paper. To make things even easier, we have chosen one of the topics mentioned above, to provide you with a short dissertation sample essay, so you can have quite a good idea on how it’s structured: Sample Essay on the Invention of Microscopes around 1590 that Opened a Whole New World of Microorganisms For over a millennia, humans could see nothing smaller than the thickness of their hair, until around the 1590, when the microscope was invented. Through this pioneer instrument, humans were able to see previously hidden world of microorganisms – living in foods we eat, water we drink and even the air we breath in. But there is a problem in the history itself; Nobody knows for sure who invented the microscope, but there are three geniuses, who are mentioned as the inventors of this incredible instrument: Hans Janssen and Zacharias Janssen. These two brilliant inventors are known to have worked as a father-son team. However, there is a third name as well. Many historians claim the inventor to be the famous Hans Lippershey, known for filing the first patent for a telescope. Coincidently, the Janssens were living in the same town where Lippershey was living in. However, the letters of Dutch Diplomat William Borrell, initially sent to the physician of French King, stated that Zacharias Janssen talked about the microscope. But it was only talking, and the invention was really seen years after. At the time of the letter, which was in the early 1590s, Zacharias was also a teenager, so the historians argue about that too. Nevertheless, whoever invented this instrument, did a marvelous job. The first microscope was a significant milestone, but it needed improvements that were obtained thanks to the names like Galileo, Robert Hooke, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Koch, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll. However, the correct time when microscopes evolved was in the beginning of the 21st century when Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the electron microscope, which is now used worldwide. This particular lens could resolve objects that were smaller than the wavelength of visible light, which had become the barrier of previous microscopes. The electron microscope has revolutionized the study of micro-organisms. Today, a variety of microscopes can be found in labs, including but not limited to: reflecting microscopes, ultraviolet microscopes, confocal microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, and even some modern microscopes that can show a single atom. In simple words, the invention of microscopes didn’t only give rise to the study of microorganisms, which we call microbiology, but it also revolutionized other aspects of science and had helped scientists in researching and developing their theories. Due to the invention of microscope, microbiologists can now figure out which bacterias are actually needed for human survival and which are not. Through the use of a microscope, microbiologists can also understand how pathogens (the harmful bacteria) work, and how this form of bacteria can be safely exterminated. Due to this innovation, we are creating new milestones in the world of medicine and have eradicated several diseases from the face of this earth. We are also working on cures for cancer and HIV due to these technological advancements. Great! Now you have the topics, as well as a sample essay to give you a head start in composing your dissertation paper. Let’s head on to our final guide to get to know how a dissertation is actually written and structured. References: Mouton, J. M., Helaine, S., Holden, D. W., Sampson, S. L. (2016). Elucidating population-wide mycobacterial replication dynamics at the single-cell level. Microbiology. Drancourt, M., Michel-Lepage, A., Boyer, S., Raoult, D. (2016). The Point-of-Care Laboratory in Clinical Microbiology. Clinical microbiology reviews, 29(3), 429-447. Nunes-Alves, C. (2016). Applied microbiology: Shining a light on biofuels. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(2), 63-63. Attar, N. (2016). Cellular microbiology: Damage limitation after friendly fire. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14(3), 130-130. Rathnaiah, G., Bannantine, J. P., Bayles, D. O., Zinniel, D. K., Stabel, J. R., Grà ¶hn, Y. T., Barletta, R. G. (2016). Analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutant libraries reveals loci-dependent transposition biases and strategies for novel mutant discovery. Microbiology, 162(4), 633-641. Forchhammer, K., Watzer, B. (2016). Microbiology Comment. Microbiology, 162(5), 727-729.

How to Write a Book Report

How to Write a Book Report How to Write a Book Report You might rightly think that not all critical essays writing has a logical structure. However, most college courses in England and America require composition guidelines. For the beginner, the writing technique has the advantage: it provides clear-cut rules for enhancing the effectiveness and readability of essay by stressing unity and logic. Although the rules for essays writing may appear simple in theory, they are difficult to put into practice. It is essential not to give up and to persist in trying to organize your book report writing according to the guidelines: Critical Essay Writing Every academic discipline follows college critical essay conventions that are concerned with the documentation of sources. This feature of college English essay writing which is often subsumed under the term critical apparatus. In the field of English and American literature, there are particularly strict rules of documentation, which have been published in a handbook by the Modern Language Association, the largest and most influential association. College critical essay writing is characterized by consistent and accurate critical apparatus which must contain all primary and secondary texts used for book report writing. This should enable an essay reader to retrace the sources of quotations and paraphrases. Therefore, you have to collect all necessary information concerning a text, including the author's or editor's name, the title of the book, the journal or anthology containing the essay, the year of publication, the volume, and the page numbers. Critical Essay Help The literature used in critical essay writing can be incorporated either in the form of direct quotations or as paraphrases: short passages from primary texts are usually integrated as direct quotations while larger units of meaning as paraphrases. Secondary literature is generally paraphrased, except for important, fundamental statements which require word for word quotation. The critical apparatus usually consists of footnotes and bibliography. Footnotes serve a dual function in college essay writing: first, they allow you to acknowledge the source of information or quotations and to refer to further sources; second, they permit you to expand on a thought which is not directly relevant to the general argument in the essay. The bibliography at the end of the essay is an alphabetically arranged documentation of the primary and secondary literature used for book report writing. While writing critical essay, keep in mind the above information. Using other author's information without r eference in your English critical writing will be considered as plagiarism. .com You may find it difficult to write a book report especially if you have not read the book. Yes, most of the students prefer not to read the assigned books because they have not time.We offer you to take advantage of professional book report writing service offered on our site.We know how to write a book report and we are available 24/7 to assist you with writing.In addition, you can freely read wealth of free tips on our blog! Popular posts: Biology Term Paper 3,000 Words Term Paper SFU Writing Research Papers Writing a Research Proposal Writing a Research Paper

Transport and cultural geography of London Essay

Transport and cultural geography of London - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that London developed the first underground railway in the world. The Metropolitan Company financed the construction of the railway that became the first to use electric engines for propulsion. Besides, the company built an escalator at Earls Court and Holloway. The underground train exists to date carrying 1.07 million passengers annually. The London underground tunnel hosts animals from deer to grass snakes. About half a million mice also dwell in these tunnels. The mosquitoes inhabiting the tunnels have evolved into a unique species for its insatiable biting. London now has seven major railway stations covering long distances. Â  Recent developments in London Heathrow airport make it the world’s busiest airports. The airport services both local and international travels. Heathrow airport has underground station served by an underground railway connecting the airport to Central London. Taxis are also available outside the airport. London also has 24 bridges over river Thames such as the Tower Bridge built in 1894. The London transport museum hosts all the developments in transportation beginning first inventions. The Roman settlers were the first to settle permanently in London. The World War II destroyed a large part of London. London has 7.5 million residents as indicated by the 2007 census. The population consists of people from different cultures and religions. The main geographical feature in London is Thames River, which runs through the city from east to southwest.

ESUS 3 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ESUS 3 assignment - Essay Example Similarly obesity adversely affects the health of an individual by increasing various cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, stroke etc, psychosocial problems, orthopaedic and respiratory difficulties. B. Obesity is measured as the main reason for damage of mitochondria required for metabolism and energy regulations (Bailer, 2015). Obesity is considered as the interaction of the social, cultural, genetic predisposition and environmental influences. C. The European court of justice suggests that Obesity should not be treated as the disability. The causes of obesity may demand for discrimination protection. The insurance department was of the opinion that people cannot claim insurance for receiving the disability benefit only because they are obese. The claim management is required to investigate various aspects and parameters of obesity and its impact on the morbidity psychosocial problems. The American Medical Association revealed in their research that obesity is considered as the illness and it can be considered as one of the factor contribution towards development of disability, but it cannot be regarded as the only factor. D. The European law does not discriminate on the ground of obesity, it may result in disability in future.ECJ judgment suggest that the symptoms of obesity may result in discrimination protection. But it cannot be regarded as the only element of disability, since the mental imbalance also results in disability of the person but it does not have any relation with obesity. A. Kartsen Kaltoft from Denmark was discharged from his job on the basis of obesity, but the Danish authority board and the union criticized against such discrimination made against the employee of the organization on the basis of obesity. The Union was on the behalf of the employee protesting against such rule of discharging out on the basis of

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants Term Paper

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants - Term Paper Example Though it may consider late to take up such a noble action of showing environment concern because the environmental condition is somehow in a steep situation wherein global warming continues to affect every nation, climate change renders human activity dysfunctional, rising seashore levels threatens the humankind, and increasing level of scarcity when it comes to natural resources, we cannot consider invalid the efforts made nowadays to counter these problems. The world starts to become highly industrialized. It is understood that a highly industrialized nation has a tendency to produce more wastes that inevitably affect the world. The negative effects of industrialization like environmental degradation escalate on a different level. Their technological advancements and innovations affect not just their nations but other nations as well. One thing to consider though is not all the industrialized nations are the ones to blame on this global ecological turmoil despite the fact that the ir wastes constitute the major reason for this imbalance in the biosphere. Even the not so industrialized nations still have their impacts on the global environmental problem. In viewing the world nowadays, it cannot be denied that the nations who have advanced technologies constantly develop new means to address to full-scope of the environmental problems. In industrialized nations, machinery has become very vital when it comes to production. It is even complex because despite the convenience it gives to the welfare of the country in the sustenance of its needs, there are harsher effects that they introduce on the environment that is being addressed lately. There are several efforts to counter these global problems. New lubricants have been developed. Lubricants are considered to be vital since it deals with machines. However, it cannot be avoided that lubricants, before the development of the environment-friendly ones, have posed a serious predicament since it contributed to pollu tion that greatly affected the marine, the terrestrial and the aerial biodiversity. People, at first, seem to be so doubtful about the use of these new lubricants. At the same time, most of them neglect the fact that the effects of the use of eco-friendly lubricants have contributed to the welfare of the environment and were not fully aware of the successes of the researchers and innovations made that pertain to its usage. In my years of practice in an oil company in Texas, I am able to see with my own eyes the full capacity of these newly-formulated and environment-friendly lubricants. They have yielded positive results despite certain negative implications. Based on how I have seen these outcomes, I am able to prove with certainty that the positive effects indeed outweigh the negative ones. Also, there can still be improvements which the scientist and engineers can still work on in improving further the function of these lubricants. During my stay in the oil company I work for, th ey have considered these environment-friendly lubricants to be a better choice.

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) Essay

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) - Essay Example On the other hand, a service supply chain deals with the intangibles due to which little physical inputs are required. Even the number of suppliers in a service-based supply chains are limited to an extent. Raw materials required by the internet service providers are limited to only offices and servers. The costs incurred by the service supply chain are less as compared to the product supply chain (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). Logistics is essential in product-base supply chain as the manufacturing industry highly depends on the transportation of physical goods from one destination to another. If the raw materials are not transferred from one place to another, the supply chain will be broken which halts the operations of the company and the company is forced to use different modes of transportation; land, sea or air. Furthermore, the cost of logistics is quite high depending on the size and weight of the raw material that is being moved (Min and Zhou, 2002). On the other hand, for a service industry logistics is irrelevant as the industry directly deals with the intangibles. The cost incurred by the product-based industry for logistics are utilised by the service-based industry for upgrading servers and for maintenance (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). This upgrade and maintenance allows enhancement in the speed and communication between the clients and the internet service providers. In a traditional product-based supply chain, finished goods are those products that have been completely transformed from raw material to products that are ready to be sold (Simatupang and Sidharan, 2002). For Coca Cola Company, a finished good represents a chilled bottle of coke ready to be served to the customers to meet their demand. In a service industry, a finished good represents quality service to the clients. This means that the customer should be satisfied with the internet

Inclusion in Special Needs Education Research Paper

Inclusion in Special Needs Education - Research Paper Example Discussion According to Ballard (1997: 244): Inclusive education is understood as a non-discriminatory practice of providing individuals of whatever age, color, ethnicity, culture, gender, or even disability the equal treatment they deserve at classroom setting and the school community (Ballard, 1997). These learners are given equal rights and involve all students in a community. There are no exceptions to access the culturally valued curriculum of their society whatever may be the intellectual, physical, sensory or other differences they may have. They are treated as full-time valued members of society. Inclusion accepts and practices diversity in the assimilation process. Colonization of minority experiences by prevailing and popular culture, thoughts and actions are as much as possible diminished (Ballard, 1997). There were set unique characteristics of integration as against inclusion. Integration involves the provision of support to students with special needs in the same mainst ream classes where regular and disabled children are educated side-by-side (Farrell, 2010). Inclusion, on the other hand, poses a major restructuring of schools to inherently educate all students in the communities. Ballard (1997) recommended that physical education teachers and their trainers should establish clear contexts for their work based upon ethos committed to fundamental restructuring and adaptation of existing policies, learning, teaching, and assessment practices. It is important that teachers are adequately prepared to meet the special needs of children. The teachers should be responsive to a diverse range of pupil needs to address inclusive education. In the mid-1990s, the rights of all learners (including young disabled people and those with special educational needs (SEN)) to experience education alongside their age peers in a mainstream, rather than segregated, settings has increasingly become a defining feature of government policy in many countries (Farrell, 2010) . The Salamanca Statement on inclusive education (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1994), has many governments committed to providing a more inclusive education system based on an accepted ideological assumption that all children should have a fundamental right and equal opportunity to experience education in mainstream schools (Barton, 2009). The Salamanca Statement specified the inclusion of all young disabled people and those with special educational needs in mainstream settings. Mainstream schools must accommodate all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic and other conditions (Garner, 2009). Implementation It was suggested that hiring well-prepared teachers with sufficient training or experience with SEN pupils is important for mainstream inclusion (Sachteleben, 2010). These teachers are well-versed on available resources online and use of technologies that aid in addressing SEN pupils. Continuing educ ation for capable mainstream teachers may also be adopted. But most importantly, capable teachers should be properly benefitted to make them stay in the school and in the profession.

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) Essay

Operations Management (please refer to uploaded file) - Essay Example On the other hand, a service supply chain deals with the intangibles due to which little physical inputs are required. Even the number of suppliers in a service-based supply chains are limited to an extent. Raw materials required by the internet service providers are limited to only offices and servers. The costs incurred by the service supply chain are less as compared to the product supply chain (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). Logistics is essential in product-base supply chain as the manufacturing industry highly depends on the transportation of physical goods from one destination to another. If the raw materials are not transferred from one place to another, the supply chain will be broken which halts the operations of the company and the company is forced to use different modes of transportation; land, sea or air. Furthermore, the cost of logistics is quite high depending on the size and weight of the raw material that is being moved (Min and Zhou, 2002). On the other hand, for a service industry logistics is irrelevant as the industry directly deals with the intangibles. The cost incurred by the product-based industry for logistics are utilised by the service-based industry for upgrading servers and for maintenance (Veronneau and Roy, 2009). This upgrade and maintenance allows enhancement in the speed and communication between the clients and the internet service providers. In a traditional product-based supply chain, finished goods are those products that have been completely transformed from raw material to products that are ready to be sold (Simatupang and Sidharan, 2002). For Coca Cola Company, a finished good represents a chilled bottle of coke ready to be served to the customers to meet their demand. In a service industry, a finished good represents quality service to the clients. This means that the customer should be satisfied with the internet

Critical Adoption Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Adoption Factors - Essay Example urity is highly critical factor simply because without it the consumers that utilize MasterCard ® daily would simply switch from using them to utilizing a competitor with better assumed and visible security. The socio-economic factors at play affect hundreds of billions of processing and consumer based dollars every day. Without the ability to project absolute security to its clients it would quickly loose the trust necessary to continue its ability to control such a large financial position. Part of the MasterCard ® approach to maintaining a visible air of impenetrable security is their initiation of series of seminars and training modules specifically addressing security. According to MasterCard Academy of Risk Management or (ARM), â€Å"ARM courses provide best-in-class knowledge and expertise to customers to enhance their risk management capabilities. MasterCard has created a comprehensive curriculum for those seeking to increase their skills and knowledge of fraud and risk mitigation.† (MasterCard Academy of Risk Management, 2011) Obviously, MasterCard takes security extremely seriously, as a result any new collaboration technologies integrated would need the utmost care a nd additional reassurance to the consumer base regardless of status as end user banks or transaction making

Physical Security Essay Example for Free

Physical Security Essay INTRODUCTION. Physical security starts with a rather simple basic premise; those who do not belong on your institution’s property should be excluded from your institution. This may happen in three often interrelated ways: when those who do not belong are identified, stopped and denied admission, when those who do not belong are denied admission by a physical device, such as a locked door. When those who do not belong are denied admission because they decide that your institution is too difficult to enter and thus they do note entry. This section will consider the various methods of excluding those who do not belong: access control, key control and locks, protective devices and alarms, windows and doors, fencing and gates, protective lighting, general deterrence. PHYSICAL SECURITY AND CRIME PREVENTION AND CONTROL Access Control Access control means that, when your facility is open, no visitor, delivery service person or unknown individual is able to enter your facility without being both observed directly or indirectly. Several techniques to accomplish that goal may include any or all of the following. Security Desk A security desk should be setup in them in lobby of each building which has an open-access or open-door policy. A sign-in and outlet supervised by an employee who validates identification prior to allowing visitors to proceed into the building, is highly advisable. Most supermarkets, five star hotels, foreign embassies, parliament buildings and major organizations have this measure in place in order to monitor the staff and clients as they come in and out to ascertain no harmful contrabands are sneaked in or pilferage of equipments and other relevant materials from the organization. When entering a building like IM where Standard Group have offices or Nation Centre where NTV is housed you have to produce your National ID, register your name, office and purpose of your visit then insured with a visitors pass in order to gain access to the premises. Monitored Entrances Ideally, an institution should have a single entrance only, monitored by staff personnel and equipped with an intercom system for communicating with anyone who comes to the door. Simply, an open door policy does not mean that every door need be left open and unlocked. You realize that hospitals, police headquarters, military barracks among others have personnel who are assigned on daily basis to check and verify individuals and motor vehicles that come in or leave the premises. Its purpose is to deter criminals and take note of every visitor for purposes of accountability when things go amiss. When entering the Times Tower where the Kenya Revenue Authority is housed, the security guards at the gate verifies visitors by their National Identity cards and or travelers passport and then a separate group of guards checks for any harmful materials by use of metal detectors. Visitors At no time should visitors be allowed to roam freely through your property unescorted or without being observed. That is especially true for individuals who expect to work on your most sensitive systems such as burglar alarms, fire alarms, communication systems or computers. Special diligence should be applied to those individuals when they visit your institution even if they are legitimate. For larger institutions, certain areas should be considered off-limits to all but authorized personnel. Allowing visitors free access to your facility does not mean that they should be allowed to go anywhere e.g. into restricted areas such as office spaces or that they should be given a sense that their actions are entirely unnoticed by the institution’s personnel. Some premises require having out of bound locations i.e. military barracks, production factories railway stations, air and seaports for purposes of security. Thus visitor should only be directed to designated zones only. Military barracks have their armories protected while airports have garages and main control rooms protected for security purposes. Employee Photo Identification Cards and Badges All employees should have and wear identification. Such badges make identification of non-employees immediate. Moreover, such cards will not only enable visitors to immediately identify those who work in an institution but will psychologically help employees understand that they are part of their agency’s security team. Photo identification should only be provided with accompanying education regarding their care, the procedure to be followed if they are lost, as well as the manner in which employees should approach unknown individuals. Creating ID badges requires thought. Cards should have clear pictures along with the employee’s name. The institution’s name should not necessarily be placed on the card. In any event, employees should be instructed that their card should be prominently worn while in the building and, for their own safety, kept from view when away from the building. In major hospitals like Nairobi hospital, Matter hospital among others every employee has a job ID which enables them access to all areas and distinguish them from patients, this reduces the chances of an admitted patient running away from the premise without paying the medical bill. Perimeter wall The perimeter wall, culverts and drainage units, lighting and other essential physical security areas. The drainage system and culverts can conceal entry and exit points for potential criminals. Culverts should be grilled to make it difficult for Criminals activities to occur. Parking lot Here the security personnel should be in a position to see how vehicles entering the premise or exiting are inspected. In some organizations parking badges are issued while in many more identification from drivers is not produced. In some organizations it is indicated cars parked at owner’s risk which injects confidence to car vandals and absorbs security responsibility. Parking should be offered to personnel with previous security background. The adjacent buildings and windows. The buildings and windows near a facility should not serve as a spring board for criminals to gain entry. The windows should be well and adequately secured to deny criminals an opportunity to access the facility under surveillance. Key Control and Locks Knowing who has which keys to which locks at all times is a vitally important issue. Failure to maintain such control may defeat the entire purpose of creating a security system. Institutions often simply assume that no one leaving their service either an employee or volunteer will subsequently break into their building or office. A sound key-control policy is essential to an effective security program. There should be a central key control location where masters are kept and access to which is strictly controlled. Registry. A central key control registry should be established for all key sand combinations. Employees and leadership should be required to sign for keys when they are received and the return of keys should be an important part of an exit process. Issuance. Supervisory approval should be required for the issuance of all keys and locks. Spare keys and locks should be kept in a centrally located cabinet, locked under the supervision of a designated employee. Master keys should be issued to a very restricted number of employees and these should be inventoried at least twice each year. Re-keying. When key control is lost, it may be worthwhile to have an institution’s locks Re-keyed or key should be surrendered incase employee is terminated or retired. Combination Locks and Codes. Where combination locks and coded locks are used, those combinations and codes should be changed at least every six months or when employees or leadership leave your premise. Combinations should also be kept under strict control of management. Computer systems and access. The computer system has become a concern in computer industry today. The security of electronic gadgets is pivotal in the growth of organizations, sabotage and shrinkage. The system should be protected from intruders or unauthorized access. The surveyor should include know who uses which computer, which services would be jeopardized by failure of a certain computer. Fires Are unpredictable hazards to organizations, homes and industries. The degree of vulnerability varies from one organization to another. The surveyor should check on the existing fire hazards, verify a match between hazards existing and fire suppression devices. Safes The area containing valuables is of paramount importance to a security survey. The protection of valuables should be consistent with security physical measures and criticality of a potential loss occurs. Safes and valuable storage areas should be fitted with adequate alarm systems. Surveillance Surveillance devices, CCTV’s and motion picture cameras are key to criminal activities detection, apprehension and deterrence. The surveyor should know their existence, location, protection and who monitors them. The security survey should capture the various departments in the organization, their operations and internal controls. Protective Lighting The value of adequate lighting as a deterrent to crime cannot be overemphasized. Adequate lighting is a cost-effective line of defense in preventing crime. Some Considerations on Lighting Lighting, both inside and outside, is most helpful and can be installed without becoming overly intrusive to neighbors. All entrances should be well lit. Fences should also be illuminated. For outside lighting, the rule of thumb is to create light equal to that of full daylight. The light should be directed downward away from the building or area to be protected and away from any security personnel you might have patrolling the facility. Where fencing is used, the lighting should be inside and above the fencing to illuminate as much of the fence as possible. Lighting should be placed to reduce contrast between shadows and illuminated areas. It should be uniform on walkways, entrances, exits, and especially in parking areas. Perimeter lights should be installed so the cones of illumination overlap, eliminating areas of total darkness if any one light malfunctions. Fixtures should be vandal-resistant. It is vital that repair of defects and replacement of worn-out bulbs be immediate. In addition, prevent trees or bushes from blocking lighting fixtures. You may wish to use timers and/or automatic photoelectric cells. Such devices provide protection against human error and ensure operation during inclement weather or when the building is unoccupied. A security professional should be contacted to help you with decisions on location and the best type of lighting for your individual institution. REFERENCE James K. Broder (200), Risk Analysis And The Security Survey 2rd Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. USA. Lawrence J. Fennely (2003), Physical Security 3rd Edition. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Burlington, UK. Marc Weber Tobias (200), Locks Safes and Security, An International Police Reference 2nd Ed. Illinois USA.

Social Care Assessment for Child With Disabilities

Social Care Assessment for Child With Disabilities Social Work with Children and families Response to a letter from the GP of Amita Kaur, the mother of Gurnam. As a student social worker in a local authority Children with Disability team you will undertake an assessment in relation to Gurnam and his family. This report lays out the proposed method of assessment for Amita Kaur (DOB: 2.3.75) and her family of three children. The approach taken towards the assessment of Gurnam and his family draws from contemporary publications of professionals working in the fields of mental health, learning disabilities, education, and social service provision. The initial assessment of Ms Kaur’s health already made by her G.P stated that Ms Kaur has been ‘in a state of some considerable distress’ and that it was the opinion of her G.P that ‘she is quite worn out as a result of having to cope with substantial family responsibilities and pressures for a long period of time.’ As Ms Kaur is showing symptoms of depression, coupled with her own expression of concern that she was unable to maintain an adequate level of support for her children I propose that some form of social support is offered to help the family for the foreseeable future. I suggest that in order to ascertain the extent of Ms Kaur’s difficulties, and before I suggest any means of intervention, I would like to hear Ms Kaur’s opinion of her and her family’s situation. As highlighted by Gallimore et al (1999, p. 56) it is necessary for social services professionals â€Å"†¦ to regard families as partners to be empowered as active co-decision-makers rather than as cases to be managed†. The impact of parental mental-health problems on their children has already been well-established by research (Rutter Quinton 1984; Beardslee et al. 1998; Stallard et al. 2004. In Slack and Webber (2007). That Ms Kaur is experiencing feelings of vulnerability and concern for her children is an important consideration when considering the type of service to be offered. It is important that the family recognise that social services are here to offer support based upon informed cooperative decisions made between ourselves and themselves, and that we are here to constructively assess them. In our assessment it is important to consider the family as a whole; a working dynamic that has, up until now, been successful. As research suggests, family-centred services for young children with disabilities have promoted a ‘strength-based approach in promoting positive family functioning (Dunst, Trivette, Deal, 1988, 1 994; Powell, Batsche, Ferro, Fox, Dunlap, 1997; Weissbourd Kagan, 1989. In Lesar, (1998), p.263). This approach highlights the strengths in families that they can build on and that ‘the familys strengths, including the social networks and informal supports already available to and within the family, should be the foundation upon which new supports are designed or provided’ (Dunst et al., 1994. In Lesar, 1998, p.263). Through using family strengths as ‘building blocks and tools, the family becomes even stronger and more capable of supporting the well-being of individual family members and the family unit (Trivette, Dunst, Deal, Hamby, Sexton, 1994. Ibid). It is thus the aim of this assessment to work towards providing a program of support that can help to re-establish this working equilibrium between the family members, within the varying contexts of their home, working, and education environments. The extent of provision for the children’s disabilities while they are at home needs to be looked into, and the fact that the children are having negative experiences at school is something that also needs to be investigated further. These experiences could be related to independent stressors such as emotional changes in the individual children, or a change in their school environment and/or they could be directly associated to the stress being felt by Ms Kaur in their domestic environment. As suggested by Glidden, (1993, p.482), â€Å"†¦a family with a child who has a disability is a family with a disability. Glidden adds that in assessing the problems faced by such families, it is important to understand and distinguish between demands and stress exacerbating and causing situations (Glidden, 1993). The situation faced by Amita and her family entails a situation that has been building slowly, but steadily, over a period of time, and now represents a point that is beyo nd her control in terms of mental, financial, and time control. The long-term stress and demands of her situation, along with increased personal care have prompted the situation whereby her doctor has intervened with the Children’s Directorate Children with Disability Team. Gallimore et al (1999, p. 57) refer to this sort of situation as arising from â€Å"†¦the emotional costs of daily demands and strains†, and that the need for a sustainable daily routine that has manageable long term solutions for helping to reduce the sources of the problems is a paramount objective to the intervention of social services (Hansen, 1993). Throughout the assessment process we will do everything within our capabilities to reassure Ms Kaur that any intervention will be minimal and will aim to cause as little disruption to the family dynamic as possible. As research has suggested the influence of social support on families of children with disabilities is closely associated with: Better, more cohesive family adaptation (Bristol, 1983) A decrease in the number of out-of-home placements (Cole Meyer, 1989; Ger- man Maisto, 1982) greater maternal life satisfaction (Crnic, Greenberg, Ragozin, Robinson, Basham, 1983) Lowering of maternal stress levels (Kazak Mar- vin, 1984) Better parent-child interaction (Dunst, Trivette, Cross, 1986). (In Marcenko and Meyers (1991), p.186). It is thus our aim to offer a service of provision that will improve the family’s quality of life through measures which are constructive, supportive, and reliable. An efficient and prompt assessment process is essential as early intervention, can, in some cases, be crucial in avoiding the onset of more serious problems, which negatively affect parenting capacity and cause family life to ‘escalate into crisis or abuse.’ (D.O.H, 2000: p.xi). The government document â€Å"Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families† (Department of Health, 2000) has put forth a systematic guidance for the assessment of needs through analysis and recording of what has been and is happening in the household, as well as to the children. This document is written in close association with â€Å"The Children Act 1989†. The latter document states that: A child shall be taken to be in need if – a. he is unlikely to achieve or maintain or to have the opportunity of achieving or  maintaining, a reasonable standard of health or development without the  provision for him of services by a local authority †¦ b. his health or development is likely to be significantly impaired, or further  impaired, without the provision for him of such services; or c. he is disabled (Children Act 1989 s17(10). In DoH, 2000: 6) Considering that the family’s GP has already expressed concern about the children’s performance at school it is clear that the children’s needs meet the criteria as outlined in parts a-c of the Children’s Act 1989. Under that Act, the welfare of children is set forth under a series of requirements, regulations, and laws. Under Part V Protection of Children – practice guidance suggests that child assessment orders should allow for differing techniques to be employed to see to the needs of children based upon application by their family, the child, and or agencies. As Ms Kaur’s GP has expressed concerns for the children’s performance at school I think it appropriate that a joint assessment be undertaken by a staff member of the school and by a child support worker who together can make an informed and unbiased assessment of the children’s behaviour and performance at school. As highlighted by the DoH (2000:p.6) professionals from different agencies, especially from health and education, are ‘a key source of referral to social services departments of children who are, or may be, in need [..] they will be key in assisting social services departments to carry out their assessment functions under the Children Act 1989.’ Information from the school could be very helpful in the overall assessment and plan for service provision. I would also recommend that a leading professional who works full time with disabled children be called in to undertake an informal assessment of Gurnam. These reports should then be submitte d to the head of our department where they will be jointly discussed and used to inform our agency’s plan for services. Ms Gaur’s son Manjit, has been described by the family’s GP as ‘a cause for concern.’ The situation is described as follows: ‘He has a heart condition which has been successfully treated with surgery but which needs to be monitored on an out-patient basis. He has also been assessed as having some learning disabilities. While Amita is very satisfied with the educational programme that the school has been put in place for him, she is concerned that he has been bullied by other children for some considerable time. This has resulted in him being distressed and reluctant to go to school recently.’ The Special Education Needs and Disability Act (2001) suggests that it is the responsibility of the governing education institutional to make sure that the child is not placed at a disadvantage within the schooling system (Part 2). As Ms Akur is satisfied with the actual programme in place for Manjit there is no immediate cause for concern that he is experiencing discrimination. However, from the information given it appears that the physical problems which Manjit is experiencing is causing additional stress possibly arising from the negative attitudes of his peers towards him. Ms Kaur should be advised to approach the school about this problem, with an accompanying letter from her GP if necessary. As suggested by Sally Beveridge in her discussion concerning schools and special education needs, there will arise certain cases where a pupil will not be able to fully participate due to their having a restrictive impairment, and it is necessary that teachers know as much about children with SEN as possible before teaching them (Beveridge: 1999, 39). Therefore we would advise that the school make individual assessments of Manjit and of Gurnam possibly discussing the outcomes and proposals for action with us. The assessment plan will be agreed between all children and their mother. For the planning of children’s services it is necessary to recognise how problems can be interlinked, and that ‘everyone benefits if services are properly co-ordinated and integrated.’ (DoH, 2000:1). It is also the aim of Children’s Services Planning (Department of Health and Department for Education and Employment,1996. In DoH 2000: 1) to ‘identify the broad range and level of need in an area and to develop corporate, inter-agency, community based plans of action to provide the most effective network of services within the resources available.’ (Ibid). When assessing Ms Kaur and her family we must therefore consider the nature and availability of resources in their local area and how they can be best matched with the needs of the family. As outlined by the Doh (2000) service users sometimes report that they find assessment procedures to be ‘repetitive and uninformed by previous work.’ (p.7). However, having outlined a clear and co hesive framework for this assessment I am confident that Ms Kaur and her family will receive an efficient and constructive assessment by our team; one that will provide a fully comprehensive proposal for service provision that will suit their individual needs and their needs as a family. Bibliography Beveridge, S., 1999, Special Educational Needs in Schools. London: Routledge Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008) Common Assessment Framework. Retrieved on 11 February 2008 from http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/deliveringservices/caf/ Department of Health (2000) Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. Stationary Office, Department of Health, London, United Kingdom [online]. Available from:  http://www.doh.gov.uk/quality.htm  [Accessed 17/07/08] Gallimore, R., Bernheimer, L., MacMilan, D., Speece, D., Vaughn, S. (1999) Developmental Perspectives on Children with High-Incidence Disabilities. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, N.J., United States Glidden, L. (1993) what we do not know about families with children who have developmental disabilities: Questionnaire on resources and stress as a case study. Vol. 97. American Journal on Mental Retardation Hansen, D. (1993) The child in family and school: Agency and the workings of time. In Cowan, P., Field, D., Hansen, D., Skolnick, A., Swanson, G. Family, self, and society: Toward a new agenda for family research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J., United States Hardcastle, D.A; Powers, P.R; and Wenocur, S, (2004). Community Practice: Theories and Skills for Social Workers. Oxford: Oxford University Press Lesar, S., ‘Parental Coping Strategies and Strengths in Families of Young Children with Disabilities.’ Family Relations, Vol. 47, No. 3, (Jul., 1998), pp. 263-268 National Council on Family Relations Office of Public Sector Information (2008) Children Act 1989. Retrieved on 11 February 2008  from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1989/Ukpga_19890041_en_1.htm Marcenko, M.O, and Meyers, J.C, (1991), ‘Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities: Who Shares the Burden?’ Family Relations, Vol. 40, No. 2, (Apr., 1991), pp. 186-190. National Council on Family Relations Pardeck, J.T, (1999), Family Health: A Holistic Approach to Social Work Practice. Westport, CT: Auburn House Sheppard, M., (1991), Mental Health Work in the Community: Theory and Practice in Social Work and Community Psychiatric Nursing. London: Falmer Press Slack, K, and Webber, M, ‘Do we care? Adult mental health professionals’ attitudes towards supporting service users’ children.’ Child and Family Social Work . London: Blackwells (2007) 13, pp 72–79 Starfield B. Primary care: balancing health needs, services and technology. New  York: Oxford University Press; 1998. Special Education Needs and Disability Act (2001). Available from:  http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts2001/ukpga_20010010_en_3  [Accessed 16/07/08] Umbarger, G., Stowe, M., Turnbull III, H. (2005) The Core Concepts of Health Policy Affecting Families Who Have Children with Disabilities. Vol. 15. Journal of Disability Studies

Accessorize Your Casual Look Essay -- tone, comfortable, rules, shape

For many women casual fashion is a case of not knowing where to start. The proper sorts of foundation items to create your own signature look can be difficult to pick out. Luckily, getting started is not too difficult, no matter your level of fashion knowledge. The first, best and only hard rule of causal fashion is to start big and work to small. This philosophy means you start with the largest items worn, your clothing. Work up to the accessories like shoes and bags. Finishing details like jewelry and makeup are the small items. They are added last and should not be the centerpiece of the outfit. Begin by taking a look at your skin tone and hair color. Are you warm or cool? An easy test is the gold or silver check. If gold suits you, you are warm. If silver suits you, you are cool. This is true no matter how dark or light skinned you are. Cool toned people will look best in silvers, blues, grays, pastels, off-white, purples and spring greens and earth tones. They are the colors of nature in spring and winter. Warm toned people carry off reds, true whites, yellows and oranges, g...

Comparing Hamlets Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern folklore suggests women look at a man's relationship with his mother to predict how they will treat other women in their life.  Ã‚   Hamlet is a good example of a son's treatment of his mother reflecting how he will treat the woman he loves because when considering Hamlet's attitude and treatment of the Ophelia in William Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, one must first consider how Hamlet treated his mother.   A characteristic of Hamlet's personality is to make broad, sweeping generalizations and nowhere is this more evident than in his treatment toward women.   Very early in the play, while discussing his mother's transgressions, he comments, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. (Hoy, 11).†Ã‚   Hamlet appears to believe all women act in the same manner as his mother.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first time the audience meets Hamlet, he is angry and upset at Queen Gertrude, his mother, for remarrying his uncle so soon after the death of his father.   In his first soliloquy he comments on the speed of her remarriage      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within a month,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She married.   O, most wicked speed, to post   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not, nor it cannot come to good.   (Hoy, 11)    It is understandable Hamlet is upset with his mother for forgetting about his father and marrying his uncle, Claudius.   In Hamlet's eyes, his father deserves more than one month of mourning and by remarrying so quickly, the queen has sullied King Hamlet's memory. This remarriage is a sin and illegal, however special dispensation was made because she is queen.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's opinion of his mother worsens as the play progresses because his father, who appears as a ghost, tells him of his mother's adulterous behavior and his uncle's shrewd and unconscionable murder.   Although Hamlet promises to seek revenge on King Claudius for murdering his father, he is initially more concerned with the ghost's revelations regarding his mother. King Hamlet tells Hamlet not to be concerned with his mother but after the apparition leaves, it is the first thing Hamlet speaks of.   Before vowing to avenge his father's death, he comments on the sins his mother committed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Hamlet decides to pretend to be insane in order to plot against the King, it is clear, he really does go mad.   His madness seems to amplify his anger toward his mother.   During the play scene, he openly embarrasses her and acted terribly toward her in the closet scene.   The closet scene explains much Comparing Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude :: comparison compare contrast essays Hamlet's Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Modern folklore suggests women look at a man's relationship with his mother to predict how they will treat other women in their life.  Ã‚   Hamlet is a good example of a son's treatment of his mother reflecting how he will treat the woman he loves because when considering Hamlet's attitude and treatment of the Ophelia in William Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, one must first consider how Hamlet treated his mother.   A characteristic of Hamlet's personality is to make broad, sweeping generalizations and nowhere is this more evident than in his treatment toward women.   Very early in the play, while discussing his mother's transgressions, he comments, â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. (Hoy, 11).†Ã‚   Hamlet appears to believe all women act in the same manner as his mother.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first time the audience meets Hamlet, he is angry and upset at Queen Gertrude, his mother, for remarrying his uncle so soon after the death of his father.   In his first soliloquy he comments on the speed of her remarriage      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Within a month,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Had left the flushing in her galled eyes,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She married.   O, most wicked speed, to post   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not, nor it cannot come to good.   (Hoy, 11)    It is understandable Hamlet is upset with his mother for forgetting about his father and marrying his uncle, Claudius.   In Hamlet's eyes, his father deserves more than one month of mourning and by remarrying so quickly, the queen has sullied King Hamlet's memory. This remarriage is a sin and illegal, however special dispensation was made because she is queen.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's opinion of his mother worsens as the play progresses because his father, who appears as a ghost, tells him of his mother's adulterous behavior and his uncle's shrewd and unconscionable murder.   Although Hamlet promises to seek revenge on King Claudius for murdering his father, he is initially more concerned with the ghost's revelations regarding his mother. King Hamlet tells Hamlet not to be concerned with his mother but after the apparition leaves, it is the first thing Hamlet speaks of.   Before vowing to avenge his father's death, he comments on the sins his mother committed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Hamlet decides to pretend to be insane in order to plot against the King, it is clear, he really does go mad.   His madness seems to amplify his anger toward his mother.   During the play scene, he openly embarrasses her and acted terribly toward her in the closet scene.   The closet scene explains much

Personality Analysis of Kurt Cobain

P ERSONALITY P SYCHOLOGY PROJECT By Syed Khalid Mohammad (EE09B032) Sathu Sharath (ME09B028) Bindu Madhava Rao Pydi (EE09B008) Siddartha Kamepalli (EE09B031) Kothapothula Sai Dinesh (ME09B015) K URT COBAIN ?Kurt Cobain – February 20, 1967 – April 5, 1994. ?American musician, painter, and best known as lead singer, guitarist and lyricist of band Nirvana. C HILD HOOD ? Had perfectly happy childhood till 7 years. ? Divorce of his parents at the age of 7. ? Remarriage of both his parents. ? Initial liking and later resenting his stepmother. Witness of domestic violence at his mother. â€Å"I'd rather be hated for who I am, than loved for who I am not. † C HILD HOOD ? Kurt Cobain – a bully, insolent towards adults. ? Shifting of stays between his father, friends and family. ? Asked to leave home by his mother. â€Å"A friend is nothing but a known enemy. † M USIC ? Misinterpretation by journalists and fans. ? Lyrics unimportant – Music most import ant. ? Termed his lyrics as â€Å"A big pile of contradictionsâ€Å". â€Å"My lyrics are a big pile of contradictions.They're split between very sincere opinions and feelings that I have, and sarcastic opinions and feelings that I have, and sarcastic and hopeful, humorous rebuttals towards cliche, bohemian ideals that have been exhausted for years. I mean, I like to be passionate and sincere, but I also like to have fun and act like a dork . † F AMILY ? Wife – Courtney Love. ? Both were drug addicts. ? Unfit parents. ? Only daughter was sent to Love’s sister. ? Later returned to their custody on certain conditions. H EALTH ? Chronic bronchitis. ? Chronic stomach ache – undiagnosed. ? Family had a history of suicide, mental illnesses and lcoholism. ? Attention deficit hyper activity disorder ( ADHD ) as a child. H EALTH.. ?Bipolar disorder as an adult. ?Experimented with drugs at the age of 13, marijuana. ?Prone to alcoholism and solvent abuse. ?Claimed that Heroin reduced stomach pain. D EATH ? Overdose of champagne and rohypnol – hospitalized. ? Nobody could see any indication that Cobain was suicidal. ? Second time – Love called police claiming that Cobain has locked himself in a room with a gun. ? Excessive drug usage intervened by his friends – agreed to attend a detox program. D EATH.. ? Escaped from detox program. Finally shot himself, leaving behind a suicide note to his imaginary childhood friend ‘Bodoh’. ? In the note, he stated that there was not excitement left in his life. ? Traces of Valium and a high concentration of Heroin were found in his body. PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD: ? Did not receive much attention as a child due to his parents divorce and his constant shuffle between family members and friends – led to ADHD. ? The lack of attention received by him, his feeling of being misinterpreted by his fans, and the constant fluctuation of the love received f rom his parents led him to develop an unstable personality.Thus resulting in bipolar disorder. PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH.. ? He was a bully as a child, using it as an outlet for the anger he felt towards his parents in the situation he presented him with. ? His parents divorced and consequent remarriage and the abuse of his mother by his stepfather caused him to hate adults in general. This was let out in his rebellious nature. ? Fluctuation between Christianity and atheism could have been caused due to the lack of parental guidance in his childhood. P ERSONALITY ?Unstable ‘Super Ego’ – no morals or values instilled by his parents. ?Insolence, bullying and bad behavior as a hild – he conscience not adequately developed. D EFENSE MECHANISMS DISPLACEMENT: ? To deal with anger within him and feeling of helplessness at home. ? Resorted to bullying and insolent behavior. SUBLIMATION: ? Use of music to express his helplessness. – used the term ‘shameâ €™ which refers to he was ‘ashamed’ of his parents. – talks about the stress he is under. D EFENSE M ECHANISMS.. PROJECTION: ? Usage of drugs, Marijuana, Heroin, Percodan. ? To help with the stress, helplessness, relieve the stomach pain. UNDOING: ? Agreeing to undergo a detox program. â€Å"Drugs are a waste of time. They destroy your memory and your self-respect nd everything that goes along with your self-esteem. † P SYCHOSEXUAL STAGES: ? According to Freud there are 5 stages: – Oral Stage – Anal Stage – Phallic Stage – Latent Period – Genital Stage ? In Cobain’s case – fixation at Oral Stage. B EHAVIORAL APPROACH – The concept of behaviourism focuses on the fact that behaviour is not something a person is born with, but something one learns. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: ? Condition to react to a stimulus in a certain way. – Insolent behavior towards adults because of parents behavior and num erous changes. – His stepfather’s abuse of his mother. usage of Heroin to alleviate the stomach pain. O PERANT CONDITIONING ? It deals with the concept that rewards and punishment given at appropriate intervals could help mould/change a person’s behaviour. ? Lack of rewards probably led to his insolent towards adults. ? Lack of punishment – bad behavior. ? Lack of attention and parent’s abandonment might have influenced different aspects of his personality. ? Constant intake of drugs – lack of parental guidance. ? History of mental illnesses , suicide and alcoholism in his family. S OCIAL LEARNING THEORY ? A person can learn behavior by observing another person’s, nd the consequences faced by that person due to their behavior. ? Cobain’s bipolar nature – constant fluctuations of emotions at home. ? Constant display of anger at his mother’s home – caused him to act same way with others. B IG FIVE THEORY The big five theory consists of five factors which are the broad dimensions used to describe the human personality. 1. openness (inventive/ curious vs consistent/cautious) – high on openness. creative behavior in his musical endeavors. Imaginative and artistic as created majority of Nirvana’s music and lyrics. 2. conscientiousness (efficient/organized vs easygoing/careless) – low on conscientiousness.Had an impulsive behavior and a lack of concern for his own life exemplified by his drug abuse and cancelling of concerts in the last minute. B IG FIVE T HEORY.. 3. extraversion (outgoing/energetic vs solitary/reserved) – moderate level of extroversion. He was very energetic in his performances with Nirvana. Also displayed withdrawn behavior from his parents and was less sociable with his peers. 4. agreeableness (friendly/ compassionate vs cold/unkind) – moderate for agreeableness. Cobain tends to be friendly to his fans and friends, but he appears mistrus ting and standoffish to his parents. . neuroticism (sensitive/nervous vs secure/confident) – Kurt is high on neuroticism. He was mentally and emotionally unstable, as he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder as an adult. 1 6 PERSONALITY FACTORS ? Warmth – Low – He was not very friendly with others due to his experiences as a child. ? Reasoning – Moderate – His thinking was neither too concrete nor abstract. ? Emotional Stability – Low – He had bi-polar disorder. ? Dominance – High – Was dominant in his band and aggressive to other persons. ? Liveliness – Low – He was not cheerful or lively, liked spending his alone. 6 PERSONALITY FACTORS .. ? Rule-Consciousness – Low – He did not have proper parental guidance over morality. ? Social Boldness – High – He was bold in front of the public, the media about his music. ? Sensitivity – Moderate – He was not objective but was tender minded. Later went tough minded and rough. ? Vigilance – High – He did not trust people a lot and was vigilant. ? Abstractedness – Moderate – Was practical about his band growth and was imaginative in his song lyrics. 1 6 PERSONALITY FACTORS .. ? Privateness – Low – Was disclosing about his lyrics and his ideas. Apprehension – High – He was insecure and selfdoubting. ? Openness to Change – Moderate – Was free thinking and experimental only in his music but not in general. ? Self-Reliance – High – He was solitary and individualistic. ? Perfectionism – Low – He was impulsive, undisciplined, self conflicting and careless of social r ules. ? Tension – High – He was tensed, impatient and frustrated. C ONCLUSION ? It seems that only those who are willing to take dangerous behaviours to heart are the only ones who can gain popularity, at least in the rock industry. ? Cobai n, in this respect, may have had more of an advantage. His possible bipolar disorder allowed him to make erratic decisions, create angst which permeated throughout teenage society, and generate a new sound that would forever rearrange the face of music. ? This in turn has allowed Cobain to become an idol in the eyes of many troubled young souls, then and now. R EFERENCES ? http://www. thebiographychannel. co. uk/biographies/kurt-cobain. html ? http://www. customessaymeister. com/customessays/Psychology/988. htm ? http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kurt_Cobain#Relationships_and_family ? http://psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/ss/psychosex ualdev_3. htm Thank you