Wil-Mor Technologies Is There a Crisis free essay sample

Is There a Crisis? As of February 1997, there are significant problems in the relationship between Wilson and Morota, the respective American and Japanese auto-manufacturing suppliers that have created the Joint Venture Wil-Mor. There is a major concern that this JV is still unprofitable (since its launch in 1994), despite its relative successes in gaining market share and sharing knowledge and expertise across the two companies. The two parent companies are at odds over how big of an issue this is, which has created the most recent conflict. There have been problems since the beginning of this JV, including a conflict between American and Japanese management and a serious lack of communication throughout the company. Many of these issues, however, were resolved when Wilson and Morota replaced the President and General Manager of Wil-Mor in 1995. The new management team has worked well together since that time, but the lack of profits is an issue that continues to plague company leadership. The biggest problem concerning the financial performance of the JV is that the two invested parties have had different financial expectations for the project. While one company expected the JV to be profitable within several years, the other holds a more long-term view and dismisses early financial losses as symptoms of growing its market share. Specifically, Wilson has the biggest issue with the lack of profitability. Wilson went into this JV with expectations of almost immediate returns on investment, and has not planned for this many years of losses. They don’t see themselves as being able to continue losing money on this venture, and there is heavy pressure from Wilson headquarters on Wil-Mor leadership to produce profits sometime soon. As a company overall, according to Steve Easton (new Wil-Mor general manager), Wilson is generally â€Å"skeptical of making long-term investments,† which explains their focus on short-term profits in this scenario. Morota, on the other hand, is a Japanese company that views the world much more like the Japanese culture at large: over the long run. Morota’s expectations going into this JV were not about immediate profits; rather, they were about building North American market share and reputation in the United States, using customer service to build supplier relationships in a new market, and attempting to export their focus on product improvement and quality standards to a new labor force. With these original expectations, it’s clear that Morota sees itself as able to continue losing money on this Joint Venture because it’s part of their long-term North American entrance strategy. Their larger goal is to be ready to service Toyota’s (anticipated) increase in North American production volumes. In order to be in that position, they know they have to minimize their cost structure, build industry relationships and be able to work with American labor; their JV-specific goals (from above) will help them to eventually attain such status in the long-term. These crucial differences between the JV’s parent companies in terms of expectations and priorities have created a very difficult situation for Ron Berks, president of Wilson’s North American Automotive Division. He is facing mounting pressure from other management at Wilson to explain the JV’s unprofitable record and to fix the problem going forward. At this point, he cannot definitively tell his superiors when the JV will start earning a more satisfactory return on investment. He must take some sort of action quickly, and has only several options. The first option for Berks would be to cut Wilson’s losses and withdraw from the JV altogether. By giving up their equity stake or dissolving the JV, they would help Wilson’s returns in the short run by ending the losses that the JV has produced for them. If this were to happen, it would prevent any long term learning form Morota from taking place at Wilson. The JV plant is far more efficient than other Wilson facilities and boasts a much smaller cost structure. Although Easton has invited other Wilson managers to visit the facility, they have all declined and the opinion of the JV throughout the company is very low. If the project ends now, any of the potential rewards that may have come with more efficient company-wide operations are lost. Furthermore, Morota’s reaction to this option would create serious conflict and future problems for Wilson. They would undoubtedly look for other JV partners in the U. S. (those with a more long-term worldview than Wilson, perhaps), but first and foremost they would exchange a number of lawsuits and accusations regarding the dissolution of Wil-Mor. They would likely retain all equipment and any technical expertise gained during this time (due to their control over those activities within the JV), and upon arbitration Wilson may be left with absolutely nothing to show for their investment. Another option for Berks is to try and lower Wilson’s equity stake in the JV to 20%, from its current 50% ownership. Even though this would lower the losses, they would still be losses and would not satisfy leadership at Wilson HQ. It would also strain the relationship with Morota, who would be confused as to why Wilson no longer wants to invest their fair share in the project. Additionally, down the road when Wil-Mor has significant contracts with Toyota and is quite profitable, Berks and Wilson leadership will miss out on the 30% of equity they gave up (equal to 60% of their current claim to company profits). The final, and perhaps most difficult, option for Berks to choose is to continue with the JV in its current structure. This would require getting buy-in from key executives at Wilson and redefining the company’s expectations around Wil-Mor. If a more long-term strategy can be agreed upon with those key individuals, then I (as Steve Easton) would recommend that Berks choose this option. If the company can be somewhat patient for a few years, there are potentially huge profits to be earned working alongside Morota in servicing Toyota’s North American manufacturing operations. Even though the profit margins of these contracts are lower than those with GM or other Big 3 automakers, Japanese companies like Toyota place a larger emphasis on supplier relationships and loyalty, and may provide more consistent business for the JV for decades to come. Morota, it is clear, is intent on making profits in North America over the long run, and is willing to do it alongside Wilson. Also, Wilson as a company can learn from the company’s lean operations and cost structure, benefitting all Wilson stakeholders.

Analysis on Role of IFRS in Sustainability Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Analysis on Role of IFRS in Sustainability Reporting. Answer: Introduction: The International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) has been theorized, developed by the IASB in order to enhance comparability of relevant financial performance by different sets of current and prospective stakeholders of an listed corporate entity. These standards aims to be applied throughout the developed and emerging economies and provide opportunities for comparison and contrasting among different companies based upon set of standards that are maintained at an equal provision throughout the globe. The standards have gained recognition from over 100 countries with support from different sets of international agencies assisting and supporting the standards initiative. The first part of the study focuses upon the utilization and relevance of IFRS in terms of maintenance and enrichment of Sustainability reporting. Whereas, on the other hand the latter part of the study focuses towards evaluating the implementation of IFRS in the context of United Kingdom. Part A: Literature review on the different sets of utility derived from IFRS: Shortcomings of Boards and Treatment of Assets: Ioannou and Serafeim (2014) mentions that presence of a consistent set of parameters in order to facilitate the comparability through IFRS has enhance business decagons making in different parts of the emerging and developed market. Moreover, Fonseca, McAllister and Fitzpatrick (2014) states that the different sets of investment and divestment strategies are assisted through the availability of IFRS standards as two companies operating in a diverse set of market conditions, if required to be compared together, has to evaluate using a single set of benchmark. The consistency in terms treatment of assets and non asset resources depends largely upon the prevalent sets of standards laid out by different sets of Accounting Boards. However, junior, Best and Cotter (2014) discusses that the short comings of indigenous boards to take into account different sets of relevant changes in the industrial and corporate practices may in turn resulted towards non disclosure or inadequate treatment of certain ac. The difference in terms of treatability of depreciation in the books has been mired with speculations. Lozano (2013) arguing that the writing back of amortized assists onto companys books tends to showcase an incorrect balance in goodwill in cases where the business is undergoing an merger or acquisition. The adherence to IFRS by a public company facilitates the opportunity by its shareholders and other stakeholders to initiate comparability and contrasting of the current financial performance with that of the different other companies that tend to belong in other economies but are engaged in similar industry. For instance, a financial statement made by Nationwide Building Society Ltd in accordance with IFRS can assists its investors in comparing its current and previous financial performance of the company with other companies in Europe and North America engaged in providing similar products. Comparison of financial statement among publicly listed companies from different sets of geographical locations tends to be affected by the different sets of Accounting Standards that such companies are required to adhere to while treating its financial figures. For instance, the prevalence of straight line depreciation can probably be a norm amongst companies belonging to a particular economy. Whereas, the other company, with which comparison are to be drawn, has followed a method of written down value method of accounting. Constantly adapting to dynamic scenarios: Thereby, the valuation of deprecation provision is misleading in nature when resulting from comparison of data. Milne and Gray (2013) mentions that adequate sets of adherence to IFRS standards minimizes the degree of misleading information in terms of representation of values in sustainability through sets of accounting treatments that are consistent throughout the globe. Moreover, any form of misstatements can be fostered through wrongful utilization of loopholes in the accounting standards. IFRS encompasses a higher rate of rectification of any form of ambiguous statutes and accounting standards as it is subjected to scrutiny by over 100 countries who have mandated the implementation of such standards (Ifrs.org. 2016). The dynamism in corporate atmosphere tends to be reflected in the IFRS standards as the IASB tends to take into account the repercussions of changes in international relations, taxation policies prevalent in developed and emerging markets (Sustainability.thomsonreute rs.com. 2016). Enhanced Reporting Quality: Frias?Aceituno, Rodrguez?Ariza and Garcia?Snchez, (2014) mentioned that the notion of quality in terms of environmental disclosures results towards optimization of various decisional models thereby improving the degree of productive outcomes derived from such models. Thereby, the different sets of relevant disclosures initiated from the IFRS guidelines conveys accuracy and dissemination of data that can be utilized as independent variables in decision models. Prez?Lpez, Moreno?Romero and Barkemeyer (2015) stated that clarity in terms of the correlation among the different financial variable are enhanced through the IFRS standards as it fosters transparency and tends to diminish quantum of ambiguity in terms of reporting different sets of emissions undertaken by the firms. However, Higgins and Larrinaga (2014) argues that the quantum of transparency and quality in terms of reporting of emission statements cannot be determined solely by degree of convergence despite being mandated. Suitability of the recognition of loss The realization of the instantaneous loss is considered as one of the main features of the IFRS and the objective of this is to provide advantage to the lenders, investors and other related shareholders of the firm (Brochet, Jagolinzer and Riedl 2013). Moreover, the realization of loss and the transparency of IFRS highlight the efficiency between the management and the firm. Therefore, Landsman, Maydew and Thornock (2012) stated that it might assist the organizations to enhance the methodologies of corporate governance. Moreover, the recognition of the loss identifies the specific time when the firm faces the economic loss and this might be delivered to the shareholders of the firm (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). Moreover, Ahmed, Neel and Wang (2013) argued that the organizations are capable to review the account book and the values of liabilities and assets, earnings and equity. Assurance of Transparency in the Fiscal Reporting Opined to Christensen, Hail and Leuz (2013), the assurance of the transparency in the fiscal reporting is also considered as one of the essential advantages for transferring the data to the IFRS. However, it has been made since from the days when the EU was consistent on the various features of the macroeconomic environment (Ahmed, Neel and Wang 2013). Moreover, the standards of IFRS also help the firms to get ensured about the reliability of the fiscal reporting in order to enrich the bond between the firms, the management and the shareholders among the associate countries (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). Standardization of Accounting and Financial Reporting According to Horton, Serafeim and Serafeim (2013), the organizations are capable to standardize the procedure of financial reporting by the help of the implementation of the IFRS standard. It has been found that this finally helps in comparing the financial statements of the firm in the present fiscal market (Hail and Leuz 2013). Moreover, as rightly stated by Christensen et al. (2015) that the barriers to trade can be removed easily and thus, it assists the firms regarding winning the assurance and trust of the equity shareholders. Part B: Discussion on current or potential prospects of implementing IFRS in United Kingdom: Sustainability reporting by UK public listed companies has been made mandatory by the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) under a circular made in 2006. The emphasis upon sustainability reporting tends to result from the dynamism in terms of operations of corporations. The FRC states that the degree of disclosure pertaining to emissions and environmental underpinnings in terms of financial reporting and dissemination of material facts followed by the enhance of overall reporting proceedings can be attributed to the adoption of IFRS. In terms of materiality attributes contained in the financial statements, IFRS has contributed significantly in improving the relevance of reports to the different sets of stakeholders. In terms of different sets of accounting treatments pertaining to environmental repercussions, adherence to IFRS has resulted in improvised sets of reporting coupled with relevant environmental legislations including Environmental Protection Act, 1990 and Environment Act, 19 95 (Martnez?Ferrero, Garcia?Sanchez and Cuadrado?Ballesteros 2015). Relevance in the Procedure of Accounting United Kingdom has adopted the IFRS and this acceptance has ensured the preparation of sustainability report by putting more focus on economic component rather than on the legal form. It has been found that this has assisted the firms in the country and also their allied shareholders for depicting the true value of the transactions of business. Furthermore, the losses and the gains that are generally portrayed in the income statement of the organizations have put the same in a consistent and truthful situation to the investors. Thus, prior to making any decision regarding the type of investments, the investors put importance on the accounting revelations of the corporation along with the price movements or the fluctuations in the stock prices. Therefore, it can be said that the adoption of IFRS in UK has definitely assisted the indigenous organizations for reducing the equity capital costs by illustrating the total numbers of outlays from the investors. Moreover, it has been noted that after the adoption of the IFRS in UK, the balance sheet statement has been modified. The reason behind this is the variation in the level of consistency and its layout (Brochet, Jagolinzer and Riedl 2013). Therefore, this implies a reasonable representation of the liability values and asset values of the UK firms in order to assist both the analysts and the investors for evaluating the monetary performance of the organizations. Finally, it can be said that the management departments of the larger organizations of UK are able to manipulate the accounts book in order to reduce their rate of ciontribution towards environmental degradation underneath the standard of IFRS (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). Therefore, the standards of accounting are highly familiarized by the shareholders, and thus, it ensures the methodologies of the sustainability reporting. The IFRS guidelines are permissible by the companies listed in the London Stock Exchange or whose incorporations require them to adhere to IFRS Standards for material environmental disclosures. The advent of large degrees of environmental degradation on the part of manufacturing industries requires evaluation and prevention through different sets of limits on degrees of carbon emissions undergone owing to production and processing activities. The IFRS in UK targets companies that are both listed on the London Stock Exchange and those whose stocks tends to be traded in other secondary markets coupled with the unlisted companies that comes under the purview of the Companies Act,2006 (frc.org.uk. 2016). Moreover, the companies are mandated to provide key performance indicators that are formed in conjunction with the relevant environmental impacts and emissions that have occurred owing to the different sets of revenue generating activities. The UK firms are required to showcase sustainab ility indicators encompassing disclosures regarding the rate of employee turnover occurring in that entity, the quantum of emissions regarding greenhouse gases and the injury rate pertaining to the common workers of the organization. Moreover, the quantum of managing waste emissions derived as a byproduct of organization operations are pertinent to be included in the entitys report owing the set of guidelines laid out by IFRS in terms of social and environmental governance. The preference on the part of investors to invest in companies that displays higher degree of contribution to different sets of environmentally proactive initiatives. However, it can be observed that the degree of compulsion arising from the part of IASB to make environmentally sustainability reporting mandatory has been far from satisfactory (frc.org.uk. 2016). The different sets of data as regards to the non-disclosure or in most cases non preparation of sustainability reporting resulted from absence stringent rules in the part of the FRC, UK. A survey conducted by the Corporate Knights Capital displayed large quantum of non disclosures on the part of large public corporations in terms of degrees of sustainability reports regarding the rate of emission of green house gases (mayerbrown.com. 2016). However, the development of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) reports tends to showcase the quantum of large degree of data pertaining to the carbon footprints created by the companies production operations. Further, data pertaining to the different sets of companies showcases the fact that over three fourths or largest companies in terms of revenue generated has failed to disclosed any forms of reports or material data regarding the quantum of emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants (mayerbrown.com. 2016). Moreover, large UK corporations have also displayed reluctance in terms of disclosing the level of water consumption. The data as regards to the rate of employees turnover too has failed to be disclosed by such UK corporations. In terms of exchanges whose participants have disclosed their sustainability reports, the London Stock Exchange stands at a ranking of 9th as compared to Euro Next occupying the second spot. This showcases that UK has somewhat lagged behind in terms of adherence to sustainability reporting. The Accounting Standard Board (ASB), a section of FRC concludes that materiality in terms of disclosures in the annual reports has resulted in a large degree Clutter thereby hindering the decision making by the relevant stakeholders and prospective investors of the business (Green et al 2012). For instance, inclusion of trivial degree of information regarding usage of recyclable water containers in boards meeting results in too much clutter in the sustainability reporting. Moreover, ASB infers that the reason behind such immaterial disclosure arises from the fact that the companies have failed towards discussing several sets of parameters as regards to employee and environment followed by social repercussions of the activities that the company is engaged in. The evolving plethora of sustainability reporting mentions that corporate entities, owing to the compulsion of preparing and subsequently disclosing sustainability reports, have sought to disclose information without taking into account the kind of products that they dealt with or the industry that they belong to. For instance the disclosure of sustainability reporting by Auditing Firms are somewhat less relevant as compared to that of firms engaged in manufacturing or assembling of products. Article 38 of the IFRS states that the degrees of allowance pertaining to green house gas emissions in RD are capitalized through inclusions in shareholders equity (Ifrs.org. 2016). The inclusion of IFRS by European Union has resulted towards mandatory adoption of IFRS by EU members, thereby being formerly a member of European Union (Ifrs.org. 2016). Thereby, the inclusiveness of IFRS towards the innovations in the adaptation of energy efficient and environmentally friendly manufacturing and ser vicing processes has in turn facilitated financial as well as governance success of the firms. The amount of sustainable performance as regards to the environment is inferred to have a positive correlation with the financial performance. In addition, sustainable operations with moderate amount of returns are more desirable to a firms stakeholders that high returns with large quantum of environmentally deplorable operations. The trade off amongst the revenue generation and environmentally sustainable sets of business proceedings can in turn be mitigated through large sets of adherence to IFRS standards. Thus aiming towards revenue generation using sustainable energy sources and environment and societal friendly alternatives tends to create a situation whereby both the company and its stakeholders and the community as a whole gets benefitted. IFRS 3 with respect to Business Combinations has laid down different sets of guidelines as regards to the valuation principles utilizing fair value method as regards to the acquisitions. Thereby, the acquisitions pertaining to environmental liabilities tends to showcase the fact that the UK companies are required to adhere to fair value measure of environmental liabilities on the date of acquisition (Fonseca, McAllister and Fitzpatrick 2014). The exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources principles regarding which has been laid down under IFRS 6 caters to the sustainability disclosures of companies engaged in mining activities. The aforementioned standards tends to take into account the recognition of exploration expenses and discovered mineral resources as an asset thereby providing accountability to the costs and the assets in relation to mining and energy industry of UK (Milne and Gray 2013). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that IFRS plays a vital role regarding improvement of the fiscal disclosures quality and also assists to ensure the lucidity in the sustainability reporting of the worldwide firms. Moreover, the investors are enabling in determining the performance of the market as well as the organizations by scrutinizing the performance of the share market and the fiscal disclosures. Furthermore, it has been assessed that the contrast between the fiscal disclosures has become comparatively easier by reducing the unethical practices of accounting in order to ensure the process of sustainability reporting. Nonetheless, some developments are required for the IFRS and the reason behind this is that the structure of fiscal disclosures is more complex in character for conveying an efficient data and information to the shareholders of the firm. The introduction of sustainability reporting has resulted towards compulsion on the part of the company towards taking into account the emissions, employee turnovers that has been undertaken in due pursuit of revenue generation capability. The evolving of agendas in relation to the different sets of environmental friendly practices has resulted in the different stakeholders undertaking greater interests in the procedures through which companies have undertaken production and manufacturing activities. References and Bibliography: Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. and Wang, D., 2013. Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence.Contemporary Accounting Research,30(4), pp.1344-1372. 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Mandatory IFRS reporting and changes in enforcement.Journal of Accounting and Economics,56(2), pp.147-177. Christensen, H.B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C., 2015. Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.European Accounting Review,24(1), pp.31-61. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M.L. and Fitzpatrick, P., 2014. Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.70-83. Frias?Aceituno, J.V., Rodrguez?Ariza, L. and Garcia?Snchez, I.M., 2014. Explanatory factors of integrated sustainability and financial reporting.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.56-72. Gov.uk. (2016). Public sector annual reports: sustainability reporting guidance 2015 to 2016 - Publications - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-sector-annual-reports-sustainability-reporting-guidance-2015-to-2016 [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. 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[online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/technical/sustainability/tecpln12453-eiafr-annual-report-2nd-edition-final.ashx?la=en [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. Ifrs.org. (2016). IFRS - IASB and IIRC formalise cooperation on work to develop integrated corporate reporting framework. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/Alerts/PressRelease/Pages/IASB-and-IIRC-sign-MoU.aspx [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. frc.org.uk, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Publications/ASB/Rising-to-the-Challenge/Rising-to-the-challenge.aspx [Accessed 6 Oct. 2016]. Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. The consequences of mandatory corporate sustainability reporting: evidence from four countries.Harvard Business School Research Working Paper, (11-100). Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. 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The Hero Figure in the Writings of Ernest Hemingway free essay sample

This paper examines the heroes of Ernest Hemingways stories. This paper addresses the question of the gender of the heroes in Ernest Hemingways writings. It points out that women in his stories are most often portrayed as inferior characters. However, an analysis of one of his short stories, Hills Like White Elephants, highlights a female character with strength equal to male characters often found to be the hero in his other stories. Ernest Hemingway has the unfortunate reputation of being a misogynist. The women in his stories are often described as too weak or too dysfunctional to be sympathetic characters. However, some of his heroines are just as noble and compelling as his heroes. In A Farewell to Arms, for instance, Catherine is the code hero who teaches Hemingway hero Frederic courage and stoicism in the face of adversity. Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants also highlights a surprisingly strong female character who in many ways resembles a code hero. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero Figure in the Writings of Ernest Hemingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

TJ Essay Topics

TJ Essay TopicsWhen you are planning to write your TJ essay, you will need to consider the essay topics for the course. TJ is a great way to learn college writing. It is a very challenging course, however, you must make sure that you choose the right topics.You also need to understand that you cannot choose just any topic. Some of the topics you may choose would be based on your personal interests. Another way to learn TJ is by reading the most popular and frequently-cited essays about this topic. TJ has become the most popular online college course in the world.The best way to study TJ is to start out with a basic 'dummy' essay. If you are not sure of what a TJ essay is, it is one where you are required to read a short essay on the topic.In order to write a TJ essay, you must have access to a computer and internet. To prepare for the TJ essay, you should spend time researching and reading articles on the subject of TJ.As you prepare to write your TJ essay, you should also research t he topic from different sources. You can do this by browsing the internet. You should also write as many articles on the topic as possible so that you will know what questions you will need to answer and what information you should include.Once you have completed all of the above preparation, you can then prepare for your TJ essay. You will have to look at the exact subject of the essay as you go along. You should write your TJ essay in a way that is different from all other TJ essays.However, when you are looking for TJ essay topics, you must know that TJ does not mean just another one or two college courses. In TJ, you will be expected to create a masterpiece on a topic that is new to you. This means that you must be able to write in a style that is unique to you.

R.K Narayan Biography Essay Essay Example

R.K Narayan Biography Essay Essay Example R.K Narayan Biography Essay Paper R.K Narayan Biography Essay Paper R. K. Narayan ( born 1906 ) is one of the best-known of the Indo-English authors. He created the fanciful town of Malgudi. where realistic characters in a typically Indian puting lived amid unpredictable events. Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayanswami. who preferred the shortened name R. K. Narayan. was born in Madras. India. on Oct. 10. 1906. His male parent. an pedagogue. travelled often. and his female parent was frail. so Narayan was raised in Madras by his grandma and an uncle. His grandma inspired in immature Narayan a passion for linguistic communication and for people. He attended the Christian Mission School. where. he said. he learned to love the Hindu Gods merely because the Christian chaplain ridiculed them. Narayan graduated from Maharaja’s College in Mysore in 1930. In 1934 he was married. but his married woman. Rajam. died of enteric fever in 1939. He had one girl. Hema. He neer remarried. Narayan wrote his first novel. Swami and Friends. in 1935. after short. unins piring stretchs as a instructor. an column helper. and a correspondent. In it. he invented the little south Indian metropolis of Malgudi. a literary microcosm that critics subsequently compared to William Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha County. More than a twelve novels and many short narratives that followed were set in Malgudi. Narayan’s 2nd novel. Bachelor of Humanistic disciplines ( 1939 ) . marked the beginning of his repute in England. where the novelist Graham Greene was mostly responsible for acquiring it published. Greene has called Narayan â€Å"the novelist I most admire in the English linguistic communication. † His 4th novel. The English Teacher. published in 1945. was partially autobiographical. refering a teacher’s battle to get by with the decease of his married woman. In 1953. Michigan State University published it under the rubric Grateful to Life and Death. along with his novel The Financial Expert ; they were Narayan’s first books published in the United States. Subsequent publications of his novels. particularly Mr. Sampath. Waiting for the Mahatma. The Guide. The Man-eater of Malgudi. and The Vendor of Sweets. established Narayan’s repute in the West. Many critics con sider The Guide ( 1958 ) to be Narayan’s chef-doeuvre. Told in a complex series of flashbacks. it concerns a tourer usher who seduces the married woman of a client. prospers. and ends up in gaol. The fresh won India’s highest literary award. and it was adapted for the off-Broadway phase in 1968. At least two of Narayan’s novels. Mr. Sampath ( 1949 ) and The Guide ( 1958 ) . were adapted for the films. Narayan normally wrote for an hr or two a twenty-four hours. composing fast. frequently composing every bit many as 2. 000 words and seldom correcting or revising. Narayan’s narratives begin with realistic scenes and mundane occurrences in the lives of a cross-section of Indian society. with characters of all categories. Reviewing Narayan’s 1976 novel The Painter of Signs. Anthony Thwaite of the New York Times said Narayan created â€Å"a universe as richly human and volatile as that of Dickens. † His following novel. A Tiger for Malgudi ( 1983 ) . is narrated by a tiger whose holy maestro is seeking to take him to enlightenment. It and his 14th novelTalkative Man ( 1987 ) received assorted reappraisals. In his 80s. Narayan continued to hold books published. He returned to his original inspiration. his grandma. with the 1994 book Grandmother’s Tale and Other Stories. which Publishers Weekly called â€Å"an model aggregation from one of India’s most distinguished work forces of letters. † Donna Seaman of Booklist hailed the aggregation of short narratives that spanned over 50 old ages of Narayan’s composing as â€Å"an first-class sampling of his short fiction. by and large considered his best work† from â€Å"one of the world’s finest narrators. † Narayan one time noted: â€Å"Novels may tire me. but neer people. † R. K. Narayan was born in Madras. South India. in 1906. and educated at that place and at Maharaja’s College in Mysore. His first novel. Swami and Friends and its replacement. The Bachelor of Arts. are both set in the enrapturing fictional district of Malgudi and are merely two out of the 12 novels he based at that place. In 1958 Narayan’s work The Guide won him the National Prize of the Indian Literary Academy. his country’s highest literary award. In add-on to his novels. Narayan has authored five aggregations of short narratives. including A Horse and Two Goats. Malguidi Days. and Under the Banyan Tree. two travel books. two volumes of essays. a volume of memoirs. and the re-told fables Supreme beings. Devils and Others. The Ramayana. and the Mahabharata. In 1980 he was awarded the A. C. Benson Medal by the Royal Society of Literature and in 1982 he was made an Honorary Member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. Narayan died in 2001. Plants of R. K. Narayan ( a ) Novels:1. Swami and Friends ( 1935 )2. Bachelor of Art ( 1973 )3. The Dark Room ( 1938 )4. The English Teacher ( 1945 )5. The Guide ( 1958 )6. The Painter of Signs ( 1976 )( B ) Narrative Collections:1. Malgudi Days2. Dodu and Other Narratives3. Cyclone and Other Narratives4. Supreme beings. Devils and Others ( 1964 )( degree Celsius ) Autobiography:1. My Days ( 1974 )2. My Dateless Diary ( 1960 )( vitamin D ) Other Plants:1. Ramayana. It is an English version of the Tamil heroic poem by Kamban

LIT 201 Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LIT 201 Final - Essay Example The paper mainly seek to explore the literary works of both Oedipus Tyrannous and Don Quixote utilizes irony is a vital aspect of literary brilliance Irony as a theme is a vital tool in any literature or piece of work. It literally means using words in a way to give out a meaning that differs from what the same words are actually supposed to mean in any normal grammar set up. It provides a contrast between the form and truth in the meaning of the words used (Bandera, 89). In our set up for the classic works of Oedipus and Don Quixote it means the expression of a character’s self by employing a language that usually depicts the reverse, archetypally for either humorous or unequivocal impact. It is among many literature equipment used to make the plot more interesting and keep the devoted audience involved in the literature or piece of work. It is usually applicable in both social and personal aspects of a literature piece of work (Bandera, 77). In our two main classic works of Oedipus and Don Quixote irony is the predominant theme utilized throughout the plot of the piece of work. The two characters display innumerable ironies in both the personal and the social concepts. In Oedipus’ work there is a presentation of man’s futile attempt to act against God, a supernatural being. In Don Quixote’s case, irony is based on the literal set point of view where the character literally believed in the words from his book and even tries to live it with regard to its main ideas of heroism and gallantry. A close comparison of the literature works of Oedipus Tyrannous and Don Quixote gives the depiction of irony, dramatic and situational, depicted in two literally unique set ups to fully utilize irony as an aspect of literature brilliance. The two characters display dramatic and situational types of irony. Dramatic in the sense that the characters are unaware of the actual situation as implicated yet the audience that is

Chaucer writes a 'feminine kind of romance' ( Burrow). Discuss with Essay

Chaucer writes a 'feminine kind of romance' ( Burrow). Discuss with reference to 3 canterbury tales - Essay Example n the battles and events of the past, such as the battles of Troy, the conquests of Alexander the Great or the chivalric traditions rising out of the Arthurian legend. Among these stories, the primary focus was typically placed upon the action of the story, the battles and the skirmishes that occurred between characters, and the aftermath of such behavior, such as the winning of the lady, the acquisition of worldly fame or the re-enforcement of nobility. However, not all stories followed this basic formula, especially as the written tradition began to grow through the 14th century. As writers began to experiment with various means of recording the stories that had been passed down through the oral tradition as well as working to develop stories of their own, new modes of expression began to emerge. For example, Colin Burrow assertively states that Chaucer wrote a feminine kind of romance. What is a feminine kind of romance and how does this apply to Chaucer? To answer these questions , the following paper will first define the characteristics of the kind of ‘feminine’ romance Burrow was discussing and then analyze three of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales – the Wife of Bath, the Prioress and the Knight’s Tale – to determine whether this description applies. The concept of the feminine romance has a great deal to do with the underlying structural format of the novel, particularly as it relates to the issues surrounding gender and the differences between the various ways in which the genders relate to others. For example, studies continue to show even today that women place greater emphasis upon the concept of relationships while men place more emphasis upon action.2 It should not be surprising, therefore, to discover that feminine romances, as such, are primarily concerned with the relationships of characters rather than the actions they undertake. This includes a certain focus upon the emotional lives of the characters as opposed to their physical